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里科塔起士

里科塔起士
Ricotta
原产国 意大利
奶源绵羊奶、牛奶山羊奶、意大利水牛英语Italian Mediterranean buffalo
质感取决于品种,鲜软至陈年半软
熟成时间无;陈年品种长达一年
维基共享资源上的有关媒体资料

里科塔起士意大利语Ricotta意大利语发音:[riˈkɔtta];意思是“再烹调”)是起源自意大利乳清起士

呈雪白色且味道清甜,容易腐坏。虽然被称为起士,里科塔起士并非由酪蛋白脱水凝固制成,而是由制作起士过程中被分离出来的乳清中的各种蛋白质白蛋白球蛋白等凝固而成,因此里科塔适合对酪蛋白过敏的人食用。主要应用里科塔的菜色有千层面(通常混合其他起士)、意大利饺比萨等,甜品有起士蛋糕里科塔起士卷、里科塔薄煎饼等。

历史

在意大利半岛,制作里科塔起士起源于青铜时代。在公元前第二千年纪,被称为奶锅的陶制容器开始频繁出现,显然是半岛独有的。这些容器设计用于高温煮沸牛奶,并防止牛奶沸腾溢出。使用这些锅炉制作的新鲜酸凝起士可能是用整奶制成的[1]

然而,用凝乳酶凝结的起士(即凝起士)的生产在公元前第一千年纪超过了新鲜整起士的生产。在伊特拉斯坎文明精英的坟墓中发现的青铜制起士磨盘证明了硬质磨碎起士在贵族中很受欢迎。在古罗马饮食中,起士磨盘也是常见的[1]。与新鲜酸凝起士不同,老化的凝起士可以保存更长时间[2]

凝起士的增加生产导致了大量甜乳清的产生。起士制造商随后开始使用一种新的配方,这种配方使用乳清和牛奶的混合物制作传统的里科塔起士,就像今天所知道的那样[1]

古罗马人也制作了里科塔起士,但农业作家,如老加图马库斯·特伦提乌斯·瓦罗科鲁迈拉没有提到它。他们描述了凝起士的生产,但没有写过奶锅或酸凝起士。一个可能的原因是,里科塔起士不赚钱,因为其非常短的保质期不允许分销到城市市场。里科塔起士很可能被制造它的牧民所消费。即便如此,来自绘画和文学的证据表明,里科塔起士是为罗马贵族所熟知和可能食用的[1]

19世纪,亚平宁牧民仍然使用陶制奶锅制作里科塔起士。今天,使用金属奶锅,但生产方法自古代以来变化不大[1]

参考文献

  • Judy Ridgway (1999). The Cheese Companion. London: Quintet Publishing Ltd.
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kindstedt, Paul. Cheese and Culture: A History of Cheese and its Place in Western Civilization. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2012. ISBN 978-1-60358-412-8. 
  2. ^ Johnson, M.E.; Chen, C.M.; Jaeggi, J.J. Effect of Rennet Coagulation Time on Composition, Yield, and Quality of Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese. Journal of Dairy Science. 2001, 84 (5): 1027–1033. PMID 11384028. S2CID 28322732. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74562-6可免费查阅. 
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里科塔起士
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