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宫殿

北京故宫
卡塞塔王宫

宫殿通常指君主居住、使用的住房,可由一座或多座住房构成。在中文中最初是君主皇帝)所用的建筑物的专称,一般称举行礼仪和办公用的主体建筑物为“殿”,而称生活起居的部分为“宫”[1]西方国家中,Palace泛指君主贵族主教或重要公众人物所居住的住房

在国家首都的主要宫殿是全国的权力中心与象征,如故宫。宫殿的象征意义引申为政治宗教的代号,如中南中国海克里姆林宫白宫爱丽舍宫。宫殿根据各国的环境情况而不同,如欧洲的宫殿不少被设计成城堡堡垒形式,亚洲的宫殿有些设计成寺庙状的形式。

中国的宫殿则比较丰富,包括主要行政中心-王宫,还有离宫行宫花园等让皇帝王族贵族官员休息或行乐的地方,都是大形的园林建筑群。宫殿的范围进一步扩展,就是由诸多宫殿组成的宫城。更一步扩展为皇城中国传统建筑中,建筑物依照所有者身份遵循严格的等级制度,宫殿的级别是最高的。

地点

大多数的王宫都建在首都,中国历代的王朝以及各个地方政权都分别建造有自己的王宫,又因为各朝都建有行宫、离宫等建筑,因此宫殿遍布中国各地,例如西安洛阳南京北京开封杭州沈阳广州成都承德等地,拉萨布达拉宫亦作为西藏王宫。

著名宫殿

亚洲

凡尔赛宫

欧洲

美洲

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 李允鉌. 华夏意匠:中国古典建筑设计原理分析. 天津市: 天津大学出版社. 2005: 447. ISBN 9787561819029 (中文(繁体)). 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·经济汇编·考工典·宫殿部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成
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宫殿
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