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皇家园林

皇家园林王室园林御花园,是指属于君主皇帝国王)及其家族(皇室王室)的园林。由于君主拥有雄厚的资财,因此皇家园林经营规模宏大,气势恢宏,建筑装修都富丽堂皇。御花园一般指皇宫的附属花园,相对独立的皇家园林也可称为“御苑”。

不过,由于历代王朝更替、战火及天灾,很多早期的皇家园林早已成为废墟,但现代人仍能从保存下来的有限皇家园林及相关遗迹中,研究皇家园林艺术的水平。

中国

先秦时期,君主和诸侯的园林称苑囿。《山海经》有关黄帝苑囿的内容被认为可能是中国最早苑囿的纪录。西周时,苑囿基本为自然状态。苑囿规模,“天子百,诸侯四十里”。孟子有“文王之囿方七十里”,“寡人(齐宣王)之囿方四十里”之说。当代研究者指出,当时苑囿的功能主要是以生产、田猎祭祀为主。到春秋战国时期,各诸侯国兴建台苑式苑囿。苑囿功能发展到与列国王室生活、处理正事、教育与践行等[1]:6

秦灭六国之战后,秦朝构建大一统王朝。在修建苑囿时,追求“象天法地”、城苑一体的皇家园林[1]:6

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 莫波功. 《周秦苑囿试探》 (硕士论文). 上海师范大学. 2006 [2021-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-05) (简体中文). 

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皇家园林
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