For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 玉米黄素.

玉米黄素

玉米黄素
IUPAC名
4-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-ol
别名 β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
识别
CAS号 144-68-3 ?
性质
化学式 C40H56O2
摩尔质量 568.88 g·mol⁻¹
外观 橘红色
熔点 215.5 °C(489 K)
溶解性 不溶于水
相关物质
相关化学品 lutein
xanthophyll
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

玉米黄素玉米黄质Zeaxanthin)是叶黄素的异构体。他是视网膜含有二种类胡萝卜素的其中一种,主要存在于黄斑部分,其他部分则是以叶黄素为主。辣椒粉 (西餐)、玉米番红花的独特色泽,都因含有玉米黄素而来。

玉米黄素也是一种欧盟认可的食用色素E编码为E161h。枸杞子中含有大量的玉米黄质。

异构体

玉米黄素和叶黄素有相同的分子式且互为异构体。该异构体不属于立体异构体,两者的唯一差异在于一端环内双键的不同位置。该差异使得叶黄素具有三个手性中心,而玉米黄素只有两个。由于对称性,玉米黄素的(3R,3'S)与(3S,3'R)的立体异构体是一致的。因此,玉米黄素只有3个手性异构体。其中(3R,3'S)手性异构体称为 内消旋-玉米黄素。天然的玉米黄素形态为(3R,3'R)-玉米黄素。眼睛的黄斑部主要含有(3R,3'R)-玉米黄素与内消旋-玉米黄素,且含有非常少量的(3S,3'S)构型的玉米黄素。[1]

与眼疾的关系

有些报告连结高摄取食物提供的玉米黄素和老年黄斑变性(AMD)的低发病率之间的关系,尤其是退化性眼睛疾病研究(AREDS),[2][3]但目前没有足够的证据可评估饮食或摄取抗氧化剂可以预防或治疗老年黄斑变性[2][4]。对于亚种群中接触到高氧化压力的人比较有可能出现些许好处,例如重度吸烟者或极度营养不良的人。[5]2005年美国FDA拒绝了一个由Xangold申请的合格健康声明(Qualified Health Claims),理由为没有足够的证据支持补充玉米黄素可以预防AMD。[6]

自然界中的玉米黄素

玉米黄素是在自然界中最常见到的类胡萝卜素醇,它是辣椒粉玉米番红花和其他多种植物的颜色来源。[7]玉米黄素也可被分解形成苦藏花素英语Picrocrocin番红花醛英语Safranal两种物质,它们分别是形成番红花苦味和独特香气的物质。[8]菠菜枸杞羽衣甘蓝芜菁半结球莴苣西兰花西葫芦奇异果玉米豌豆莙荙菜抱子甘蓝等食物都是可以得到玉米黄素和叶黄素的好来源。[3]

参考资料

  1. ^ See POLA Study
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Krishnadev, Nupura; Meleth, Annal D; Chew, Emily Y. Nutritional supplements for age-related macular degeneration. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2010-05, 21 (3): 184–189. ISSN 1040-8738. PMC 2909501可免费查阅. PMID 20216418. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32833866ee (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 The Relationship of Dietary Carotenoid and Vitamin A, E, and C Intake With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Case-Control Study: AREDS Report No. 22. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2007-09-01, 125 (9): 1225. ISSN 0003-9950. PMID 17846363. doi:10.1001/archopht.125.9.1225 (英语). 
  4. ^ Chong, Elaine W-T; Wong, Tien Y; Kreis, Andreas J; Simpson, Julie A; Guymer, Robyn H. Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007-10-13, 335 (7623): 755. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2018774可免费查阅. PMID 17923720. doi:10.1136/bmj.39350.500428.47 (英语). 
  5. ^ Fernandez, Mark M; Afshari, Natalie A. Nutrition and the prevention of cataracts. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2008-01, 19 (1): 66–70. ISSN 1040-8738. PMID 18090901. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f2d7b6 (英语). 
  6. ^ US FDA/CFSAN - Qualified Health Claims: Letter of Denial - Xangold® Lutein Esters, Lutein, or Zeaxanthin and Reduced Risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration or Cataract Formation. [2022-01-03]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-15). 
  7. ^ Spice Science and Technology, K. Hirasa, M. Takamasa, page 15
  8. ^ 玉米黃素是什麼?玉米黃素食物補充重點. (原始内容存档于2023-07-12). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
玉米黄素
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?