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软腭音

软腭化
◌ˠ
IPA编号422
编码
HTML码(十进制)ˠ
Unicode码(十六进制)U+02E0
软腭化或咽化
◌̴
编码
HTML码(十进制)̴
Unicode码(十六进制)U+0334
软腭音的舌位

软腭音(英语:Velar consonant、又称软腭辅音,古汉语称为:牙音)是按发音部位分类的一类辅音。发音时,舌面后部接近软腭。一些软腭化的辅音在国际音标中还可以用⟨ˠ⟩表示(就是上标的浊软腭擦音符号⟨ɣ⟩)。

“软腭音”是按被动发音部位分类的说法,按主动发音部位分类则称为“舌面后音”。参见舌根音

人类发声构造;此图标示的“腭”与“颚”,用字不同,但意思一样。图中“颚”是指下颚(下颌),“腭”是指“上腭”(上颌)。“上腭”靠近咽喉的部分是“软腭”。

中古汉语的软腭音

中古汉语中的软腭音(古称牙音)包括 /k/、 //、 /ɡ/、 /ŋ/等声类

软腭音在IPA上的表示

国际音标
(图像)
国际音标 特征 例子
语种 词语 国际音标 意思
ŋ 软腭鼻音 汉语四川话 我(ngo3) /ŋo˥˧/
k 清软腭塞音 汉语 哥(gē) /kɤ˥/
ɡ 浊软腭塞音 英语 good ʊd/
x 清软腭擦音 汉语 哈(hā) /xä˥/
ɣ 浊软腭擦音 汉语双峰话 /ɣæ̃˨˧/
ʍ 清圆唇软腭近音 美式英语 which /ʍɪtʃ/ 哪一个
ɰ 软腭近音 朝鲜语 주의 /tɕuɰi/(南)
/tsuɰi/(北)
主义
ʟ 软腭边音 瓦几语 aʟaʟe 眩晕
w 浊圆唇软腭近音 汉语 窝(wō) /wɔ˥/
软腭挤喉音 阿其语 кIан /an/ 底端
ɠ 浊软腭内爆音 信德语 əro/ڳرو /ɠəro/
ʞ 软腭搭嘴音 (用于副语言

参考文献

  • Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.

参阅

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软腭音
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