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父母

父母(英语:parent)通常指孩童的亲生父母,在人类社会中,也可以指照顾者或法定监护人。母亲的卵子与父亲的精子接触完成受精,形成受精卵,再经过怀孕期诞下子代。父母是一等亲属,具有50%的遗传基因。女性也可以透过代孕成为父母。有些父母可能是领养父母,他们养育并抚养后代,但与孩子没有血缘关系。未被领养的孤儿可以由祖父母或其他家庭成员抚养。

语出《礼记·曲礼下》:“生曰父,曰母,曰妻;死曰考,曰妣,曰嫔。”。“考”字的名词义原指父亲,不论是健在的已故的[1][2],当形容词,指“高寿、长寿”[3][4]。“妣”字原指母亲,不论是健在的已故的[5]

母亲

母亲指的可以是生物上生育或社会角色上养育孩子的女性,相对于母亲一词便是父亲母性则指的是一个母亲对他的或别人小孩的感觉,或称母爱

诸如人类哺乳类,母亲扮演怀胎的角色,胎儿子宫中成长直到出生。小孩一出生,母亲就会制造乳汁孕育小孩。

父亲

父亲在传统角色上是孩子的男性双亲。就如同母亲,父亲与孩子也可被归类为生物上、社会角色上或是法律上的人际关系。传统上,生物关系上的父权就已被归类在父亲。然而,法律上的父权实质上问题和社会角色上时常把母亲的丈夫视为孩子的父亲。

子女

子女依据血亲关系,可分为亲生子女,非亲生子女(养子女继子女)。亲生子女中,依父母婚姻状态,又可分为婚生子女非婚生子女(即私生子)

参见

参考来源

文献
引用
  1. ^ 楚辞·屈原·离骚》:“帝高阳之苗裔兮,朕皇考曰伯庸。”
  2. ^ 新唐书·卷一三·礼乐志三》:“或兄弟分官,则各祭考妣于正寝。”
  3. ^ 说文解字·老部》:“考,老也。”
  4. ^ 诗经·大雅·棫朴》:“周王寿考,遐不作人。”
  5. ^ 《说文解字·女部》:“妣,殁母也。”
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父母
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