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乌布苏湖

乌布苏湖
位置蒙古国俄罗斯
坐标50°18′N 92°42′E / 50.300°N 92.700°E / 50.300; 92.700
湖泊类型咸水湖
主要流入特斯河哈尔黑拉河图伦河
主要流出
集水面积3,350 km2
最大长度79 km
最大宽度84 km
平均深度6 m
表面海拔759 m
参考地图

乌布苏湖蒙古语Увс Нуур图瓦语Успа-Холь;俄语:Убсу-Нур)属咸水湖,主体位于蒙古国乌布苏省,东北部属俄罗斯联邦图瓦共和国。平均海拔 759米,面积 3,350 平方公里,是蒙古国水域面积最大的湖泊[1]

地理

乌布苏湖长84公里,宽79公里,平均深度6米。注入该湖的主要河流是从汗科基夏尔嘎斯山国家公园流向西方的图伦河、纳尔河(Nariin gol)、特斯河,以及从西边的哈尔黑拉山英语Kharkhiraa流过来的哈尔黑拉河(Kharkhiraa River)以及桑格河(Sangil gol)。[2]

乌布苏湖所在的乌布苏盆地是一个内流盆地[1],是亚欧大陆保持得最好的温带草原景观。乌布苏盆地中尚有其他较小的湖泊,最著名的有海拔1,450米的乌雷格湖(Ureg Lake)。

乌布苏湖所在的乌布苏盆地于2003年被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录[3]。乌布苏盆地是世界遗产名录上至今最大的项目之一。

生态环境

这片面积庞大的集水区,由于没有出口,所以成为高盐度水域(盐度为千分之18.8,是海水盐度的一半),盐度主要来自硫酸钠离子。

该湖每年10月到次年5月为冰期。夏季,该湖水面温度为25℃,水底温度为19℃[2]

已在乌布苏湖发现29种鱼类[4]。其中之一是短颌山雅罗鱼(Oreoleuciscus potanini)[5]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Увс нуур. www.medeelel.mn. [2008-02-08]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-09). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Jon Davies. Mongolia (PDF). International Water Management Institute. [2008-02-10]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-05-28). 
  3. ^ Uvs Nuur Basin. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2014-05-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  4. ^ Erdene-Ochir Badarch. Uvs Nuur Basin; World Natural Heritage Site (PDF). United Nations Institute for Training and Research. [2008-02-10]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-05-28). 
  5. ^ The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)&Species 2000. Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)&Species 2000. [2008-06-27]. [失效链接]

外部链接

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乌布苏湖
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