灰鲸科
灰鲸科 化石时期：
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| 美国的一头人工饲养的灰鲸 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
| 目： | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
| 下目： | 鲸下目 Cetacea |
| 演化支： | 大洋鲸类 Pelagiceti |
| 演化支： | 新鲸类 Neoceti |
| 小目： | 须鲸小目 Mysticeti |
| 演化支： | 无齿须鲸类 Chaeomysticeti |
| 演化支： | 露脊鲸形类 Balaenomorpha |
| 总科： | 须鲸总科 Balaenopteroidea |
| 科： | 灰鲸科 Eschrichtiidae Ellerman & Morrison-Scott 1951 |
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灰鲸科（学名：Eschrichtiidae）是须鲸小目下的一科，仅包含灰鲸（Eschrichtius robustus）一个现存物种，此外还包括三个化石属，即分别生存于意大利中新世和上新世的始灰鲸属（Archaeschrichtius）及拟灰鲸属（Eschrichtioides）[1]，还有生存于上新世北卡罗来纳的格雷斯鲸属（Gricetoides）。[2] 本科及其模式属的学名是为了纪念丹麦动物学家丹尼尔·埃施里赫特（丹麦文：Daniel Frederik Eschricht）。[3]
分类简史
18世纪，一些学者[4] 将灰鲸描述为露脊鲸属的一种，学名为 Balaena gibbosa，本种被描述为"背脊上拥有六个突起的鲸"，这显然是基于 1725 年达德利[5]的笔记:[6]
这种“瘦鲸”是脊鳍鲸的近亲，但背上无鳍，其崎岖的背脊共有六个突起，是一种能提供近乎丰富油脂的鲸种，其骨白色，但不分裂。[7]
Lilljeborg 1861 基于发现于的波罗的海的半化石样本，第一次将灰鲸描述为一个独立物种，这个样本显然是来自于一个已灭绝的北大西洋种群。然而，Lilljeborg 将它归类于须鲸属，学名为 Balaenoptera robusta[8]。直到 1864 年约翰·爱德华·格雷发现其肋骨和肩胛骨样本不同于任何已知的须鲸，因此建立了一个新属， 即灰鲸属（Eschrichtius）[9]。
参考文献
脚注
- ^ Bisconti 2008
- ^ Pyenson & Lindberg 2011
- ^ Jones & Swartz 2008
- ^ E.g. Erxleben 1777，第610–611页; Anderson 1746; Brisson 1762
- ^ Risperidone. Reactions Weekly. 2018-10, 1725 (1): 258–258. ISSN 0114-9954. doi:10.1007/s40278-018-53599-x.
- ^ Barnes & McLeod 1984，第4–5页
- ^ Dudley 1725，第258页
- ^ Lilljeborg 1861
- ^ Gray 1864
来源
- Anderson, J. Nachrichten von Island, Grönland und der Strasse Davis. Hamburg: Verlegts Georg Christian Grund, Buckdr. 1746 （德语）.
- Barnes, L. G.; McLeod, S. A. The Fossil Record and Phyletic Relationships of Gray Whales. Jones, M. L.; Swartz, S. L.; Leatherwood, S. (编). The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius Robustus. Academic Press. 1984: 3–28. ISBN 9780080923727.
- Bisconti, M. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a new eschrichtiid genus (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Pliocene of northern Italy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2008, 153: 161–186. OCLC 438026086. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00374.x. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Bisconti, M.; Varola, A. The oldest eschrichtiid mysticete: and a new morphological diagnosis of Eschrichtiidae (gray whales) (PDF). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 2006, 112 (3): 447–457. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Brisson, M. J. Regnum animale in classes IX. distributum, sive, Synopsis methodica. Lieden: Apud Theodorum Haak. 1762. OCLC 13184910 （拉丁语及法语）.
- Bryant, P. J. Dating Remains of Gray Whales from the Eastern North Atlantic. Journal of Mammalogy. 1995, 76 (3): 857–861. JSTOR 1382754. doi:10.2307/1382754.
- Deméré, T.A; Berta, A.; McGowen, M. R. The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 2005, 12 (1/2): 99–143. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3.
- Dudley, P. An Essay upon the Natural History of Whales, with a particular Account of the Ambergris found in the Sperma Ceti Whale. In a Letter to the Publisher, from the Honourable Paul Dudley, Esq; F. R. S. Philosophical Transactions. 1725, 33 (387): 256–269. doi:10.1098/rstl.1724.0053.
- Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History). 1951: 1–810. OCLC 469669291. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Erxleben, J. C. P. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis 1: Mammalia. Leipzig: Weygandianis. 1777. OCLC 22224991. OL 23666710M. 简明摘要 (November 2013) （拉丁语）.
- Gray, J. E. Notes on the Whalebone-Whales; with a Synopsis of the Species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3. 1864, 14 (83): 345–353. doi:10.1080/00222936408681724.
- Jones, M. L.; Swartz, S. L. Gray whale. Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (编). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. 2008: 503–511. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.
- Lilljeborg, W. Öfversigt af de inom Skandinavien (Sverige och Norrige) anträffade Hvalartade Däggdjur (Cetacea). 1861. OCLC 670223335. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.15843 （瑞典语）.
- Portis, A. Catalogo descrittivo dei Talassoterii rinvenuti nei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Turin: Ermanno Loescher. 1885. OCLC 9527515. 简明摘要 (November 2013) （意大利语）.
- Pyenson, N. D.; Lindberg, D. R. What Happened to Gray Whales during the Pleistocene? The Ecological Impact of Sea-Level Change on Benthic Feeding Areas in the North Pacific Ocean. PLoS ONE. 2011, 6 (7): e21295. PMC 3130736
. PMID 21754984. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021295. - Scammon, C. M. On the cetaceans of the western coast of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1869, 21: 13–63. JSTOR 4060095.
- Scammon, C. M. The California Gray Whale. The marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America. San Franc.: John H. Carmany and Co. 1874: 20–33.
- Steeman, M. E.; Hebsgaard, M. B.; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Ho, S. Y. W.; Rabosky, D. L.; Nielsen, R.; Rahbek, C.; Glenner, H.; Sørensen, M. V.; Willerslev, E. Radiation of Extant Cetaceans Driven by Restructuring of the Oceans. Systematic Biology. 2009, 58 (6): 573–585. PMC 2777972 . PMID 20525610. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp060.
- Strobel, P. Notizie preliminari su le Balenoptere fossili subappennine del Museo parmense. Bollettino del R. Comitato Geologico d'Italia. 1875, 5 (6): 131–140. 简明摘要 (November 2013) （意大利语）.
- Van Beneden, P. J.; Gervais, P. Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle. Paris: A. Bertrand. 1868. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9521. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
- Weber, M. Die Säugetiere. Jena: G. Fischer. 1904. OCLC 2662569. 简明摘要 (November 2013) （德语）.
- Whitmore, F. C.; Kaltenbach, J. A. Neogene Cetacea of the Lee Creek Phosphate Mine, North Carolina. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication. 2008, 14: 181–269. 简明摘要 (November 2013).
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