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火星泥裂缝

2017年1月,科学家们宣布有可能在火星盖尔撞击坑中发现了泥裂缝(Mud cracks)。好奇号漫游车拍摄到了火星上可能是第一个发现的泥裂缝(干燥裂缝),它们可能形成于干涸的泥浆。这处被称为“老水坑”的地点位于夏普山下部默里组泥岩暴露的范围内[1]

据推测,这些裂缝形成于30多亿年前,之后被更多的沉积物掩埋,所有这些材料最终都变成了岩石,再后来,风蚀剥去了覆盖在裂缝层的地层。裂缝中填满了耐后期侵蚀的物质,由于周边覆盖层被移除,这些抗侵蚀材料形成了凸起的棱脊。

这是首次看到的泥裂缝,此前,好奇号曾勘测过由地下水携带矿物质(如硫酸钙等)形成的不同形状的裂缝和突脊。产生的裂缝主要是上覆沉积物的压力所造成的岩石破裂。盖尔撞击坑保存有古老的湖泊遗迹,这些湖泊的深度和面积随时间而变化,有时甚至消失。泥裂缝表明,湖泊消失时曾出现过干旱期。除了这些淤泥证据外,好奇号在更古老地层和较年轻泥岩中发现了古湖泊的证据[2]。加州理工学院的研究生内森·斯坦(Nathan Stein)主持了该项调查[3]

另请查看

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Possible Signs of Ancient Drying in Martian Rock. www.jpl.nasa.gov. [2021-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-16). 
  2. ^ Mars Rover Curiosity Examines Possible Mud Cracks. NASA/JPL. [2021-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11). 
  3. ^ Mud Cracks on Mars Suggest a Watery Ancient Past. [2021-10-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-16). 
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火星泥裂缝
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