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澳洲鹈鹕

澳洲鹈鹕
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 鹈形目 Pelecaniformes
科: 鹈鹕科 Pelecanidae
属: 鹈鹕属 Pelecanus
种:
澳洲鹈鹕 P. conspicillatus
二名法
Pelecanus conspicillatus
Temminck, 1824

澳洲鹈鹕学名Pelecanus conspicillatus)是一种大型涉禽,分布在澳洲新几内亚、也有在斐济印尼新西兰

分类

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澳洲鹈鹕最初是由荷兰自然学家Coenraad Jacob Temminck于1824年描述。其种小名拉丁文意思是“明显”。

特征

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澳洲鹈鹕在鹈鹕中算中等身型:长1.6-1.8米,翼展2.3-2.5米,重4-13公斤。[2][3]牠们主要呈白色,双翼的主羽呈黑色。喙呈淡粉红色,在鸟类中是最大的,可以长达49厘米。

分布及栖息地

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澳洲鹈鹕喜欢生活在辽阔及没有太多植物的水面。只要有足够的鱼类供应,周边的环境并不重要,可以是森林草原沙漠、入海的泥地、公园或工业废墟。

澳洲鹈鹕并没有特定的行动模式,只会追随食物的供应。当艾尔湖于1974年至1976年间注满时,周边的城市只有少量的澳洲鹈鹕;但当湖水干涸后,牠们就再次分散到其他地方,去到海岸边,甚至到达圣诞岛帕劳新西兰

于1947年,在新西兰格拉斯米尔湖(Lake Grassmere)发现了少量的亚化石骨头,当时认为这些骨头是属于澳洲鹈鹕的新亚种Pelecanus (conspicillatus) novaezealandiae[4]但是,后来发现这其实不是独有的亚种。[5]

繁殖

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在水面游泳的澳洲鹈鹕。

澳洲鹈鹕2-3岁就开始繁殖。在热带(即南纬26°以北),繁殖季节始于冬天,南部的是始于春末,内陆地区的则很多是在雨季后。牠们的巢是在地上的一个浅洼,有时会有草围边。牠们的巢是共享的。牠们会生1-3只蛋,蛋呈粉白色及约有93 x 57毫米大。[6]经孵化后,较大的雏鸟会吃得较多,而最细小的则因饥饿或自杀而死亡。孵化后首两星期,雏鸟会吃双亲反刍的液体,之后两个月则会吃鱼类及一些脊椎动物

参考

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Pelecanus conspicillatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [2009-10-16]. 
  2. ^ Australian Animals — Pelican. [2009-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-08). 
  3. ^ Species — Marine Biology
  4. ^ Scarlett, R. J. A Pelican in New Zealand (PDF). Notornis. 1966, 13 (4): 204–17. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-18). 
  5. ^ Worthy, Trevor H. A remarkable fossil and archaeological fauna from Marfells Beach, Lake Grassmere, South Island, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum. 1998, 12: 79–176. 
  6. ^ Beruldsen, G. Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs. Kenmore Hills, Qld: self. 2003: 187. ISBN 0-646-42798-9. 

外部链接

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澳洲鹈鹕
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