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汉普斯特德荒野

荒野西南

汉普斯特德荒野(Hampstead Heath,当地常称:the Heath)是英国伦敦的一个公园,面积约320公顷(790英亩)[1]。此地是伦敦粘土组上形成的沙丘,从汉普斯特德绵延至海格特公墓[2],是伦敦著名的自然景观之一。[3]

历史

汉普斯特德荒野绵延向巴尼特

986年此地首次载入史册,当时爱塞烈德二世将“Hemstede”5海德的土地赏给了他的仆人。1086年的末日审判书中也记载了相同的地名,当时这块土地属于威斯敏斯特教堂,但不久之后此地便改名为“Manor of Hampstead”。[4] 1133年威斯敏斯特教堂将此地让给理查德·德·巴尔塔(Richard de Balta)。在亨利二世统治期间,整个地区属国王的男管家Alexander de Barentyn。19世纪都会工作委员会获得了相当一部分土地所有权,[5] 不过直到1940年代此地都属于私人领地,最终在威尔逊爵士(Sir Spencer Pocklington Maryon Wilson)手中丧失了土地所有权[6],但其上的地产依旧属于第5代高夫子爵宣恩·高夫。[4]

1989年起汉普斯特德荒野由伦敦市法团伦敦市的行政机构)管理。[7]

地理

汉普斯特德荒野是一段处于伦敦粘土带上的沙丘,东西走向,最高点海拔134米(440英尺)。[8] 因为雨水很容易渗透上层的沙子,因此地面松软。[2] 此外,汉普斯特德荒野是大伦敦最大的公共用地,其中受保护用地面积约144.93公顷(358.1英亩)。[9]

参考文献

  1. ^ David Bentley. City of London Hampstead Heath. City of London. 2010-02-12 [13 March 2010]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-08). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Hampstead - Hampstead Heath | British History Online. [2013-12-20]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-08). 
  3. ^ Hampstead Heath. Greenspace Information for Greater London. 2006 [9 September 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012年12月24日). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Hampstead - Manor and Other Estates | British History Online. [2013-12-20]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-06). 
  5. ^ Thompson, Hampstead, 130, 165, 195, 317-18, 329- 30; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 27/15 (sales parts. 1875).
  6. ^ thePeerage.com - Person Page 7102. [2013-12-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-27). 
  7. ^ Hampstead Heath. [2013-12-20]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-04). 
  8. ^ London Borough Tops. The Mountains of England and Wales. [20 March 2010]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-24). 
  9. ^ Common Land and the Commons Act 2006. Defra. 13 November 2012 [3 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-26). 

参考书目

  • Hampstead Heath: Its Geology and Natural History. Prepared under the Auspices of the Hampstead Scientific Society with 3 maps (pull-out) and 11 plates, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1913
  • Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher. The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. 2010. ISBN 978-1405049252. 
  • Hewlett, Janet. Nature Conservation in Barnet. London Ecology Unit. 1997. ISBN 1 871045 27 4. 

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汉普斯特德荒野
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