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温宿国

温宿国西域三十六国之一,都城温宿城[1](故址在今中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区乌什县)。辖有今新疆乌什县、阿合奇县等县一带。

温宿国建都温宿城。最高首领为王,下设辅国侯、左右将、左右都尉、左右骑君、译长各二人,“户二千二百,口八千四百,胜兵千五百人”[1]汉朝时温宿国土地、物类与鄯善诸国同[1],居民主要从事农业,兼营畜牧业,并多到邻近国家耕种土地。

初被匈奴僮仆都尉所役属,汉武帝开通西域以后臣属汉朝,汉宣帝神爵二年(前60年)归属西域都护府。其地东距长安城八千三百五十里,东至西域都护府(治乌垒城,今新疆轮台县东)二千三百八十里。地处塔里木盆地之北,当早期丝绸之路中段北道,为汉通西域北道必经之地。从温宿国向北有小道,过天山可到乌孙国的王都赤谷城(今吉尔吉斯斯坦伊塞克湖州伊什提克)。

王莽时,姑墨(今新疆阿克苏市)国王丞杀其王而吞并温宿国。东汉延光三年(124年)属西域长史东晋时依附狯胡,派遣兵马与之共抗吕光以救龟兹(今新疆库车县)。三国南北朝时附属龟兹[2]北魏时其地尽归龟兹。唐太宗贞观年间,阿史那社尔平龟兹,以其地置温肃州,又名于祝,隶属于龟兹都督府。元朝作倭赤,或乌赤。清朝乌什直隶厅治。清德宗光绪十九年(1893年)在原来姑墨国故地筑温宿城,即今新疆温宿县

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温宿国
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