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液体火箭助推器

液体火箭助推器(以下简称“液体助推器”)是一种火箭助推器,捆绑在火箭芯级第一级,是增加火箭运载能力的液体燃料小型火箭。与固体火箭助推器不同的是,液体助推器可以在必要时切断推进剂供应来紧急刹车。这对载人航天器发射很重要。

联盟号运载火箭的前身R7导弹,就采用了液体助推器,使得火箭可以在发射台上点火检查发动机工作情况。80年代,苏联能源号使用了四枚天顶号做助推器,将暴风雪号航天飞机和极地-1号送入太空。

日本H-IIA中有两个版本的火箭也使用了液体助推器来增加载荷。中国长征二号长征三号长征五号长征七号系列运载火箭均有使用液体火箭助推器的版本。

阿丽亚娜四号中部分型号(42L, 44L和44LP)采用了两或四个液体助推器。无助推器的标准型阿丽亚娜四号可以将2175kg货物送入转移轨道。而44L型可以将4790kg货物送入同一轨道。

航天飞机研发期间就曾考虑过使用液体助推器,尤其是挑战者号事故后,又有提议用液体助推器换下航天飞机上的固体助推器,四家公司还为NASA设计了助推器。尽管液体助推器的安全性和高性能很有优势,然而研发成本迫使NASA坚持使用固体助推器。

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液体火箭助推器
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