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海水倒灌

海水入侵(seawater intrusion)亦称盐水入侵(salt water intrusion),俗称海水倒灌,是指海水地表到达陆地的水文现象,普遍出现于沿海低漥地区。其成因主要是与地层下陷潮汐有关。台风季节或豪雨时亦很容易引发海水倒灌。

海水倒灌现象一般只在内河入海口处发生,可引发咸潮现象,威胁河流淡水水质。随着全球海平面的上升,海水倒灌势必越来越严重,所带来的可能是沿海地区土壤恶化腐蚀和淡水盐碱化等问题。[1]

原理

Ghyben-Herzberg 关系

海水倒灌是沿海河口常见的水文现象。一般来说,内河水位与海水水位是没落差的。但如果落差存在,海潮水位就可能高过内河水位。涨潮时,海水水位会升高,当其高度超过了内河水位,海水就会入侵直到水位高过海潮的河段[2](即倒灌)。内河进了海水,盐度上升,就引起咸潮现象。如内河入海口上游为平原,地势落差不大,而内河水位较低,咸潮便会溯河而上,海水往上入侵到内河很近的距离。[2]如风向与海潮方向一致,更可扩大海水倒灌的影响范围。

参考文献

  1. ^ 海面寸寸升高威胁步步逼近——海平面升高将给法国带来严重生态危机,李钊,科技日报,2008-1-15
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 咸潮敲响水资源警钟页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),中国地理学会科普教育网-地理频道,2006-5-19
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海水倒灌
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