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流线型

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流线型与模拟的层流

流线型是物体的一种外部形状,通常表现为平滑而规则的表面、没有大的起伏和尖锐的棱角。流体在流线型物体表面主要表现为层流,没有或很少有湍流,这保证了物体受到较小的阻力。流线型物体通常较为美观,经常出现在产品外观设计中。 流线,用来表征三维空间的速度场。在当流场随着时间改变的时候,即非稳定流动时,Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines三个名词含义不同。

流线型的起源可以追溯到19世纪对自然生命的研究,以及对于鱼、鸟等有机形态的效能的欣赏。这些最初应用在潜艇和飞艇的设计中,以减少湍流和阻力。于第一次世界大战前后流线型更是用于小汽车的外型设计上。今时今日,汽车、火车、飞机和轮船等交通工具早已采用了流线型的设计。

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流线型
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