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洮砚

洮砚为中国四大名砚之一,与端砚歙砚齐名。砚材产自甘肃卓尼县洮砚乡喇嘛崖、水泉湾一带的洮河峡谷中,分布地带长约25公里、宽约2.5公里[1]。洮砚的特点是发墨快、研墨细、不伤笔毫。洮砚在宋代就为当时文人所珍视,苏轼《鲁直所惠洮河石砚铭》赞美洮砚:“洗之砺、发金铁。 琢而泓,坚密泽……”。黄庭坚诗云: “久闻岷石鸭头绿,可磨桂溪龙文刀。 莫嫌文吏不知武,要试饱霜秋兔毫”。

洮砚

洮砚砚材特征

  • 洮砚石料而具备的基本特征是:[来源请求]
    • 结构细密 洮河绿石为沉积岩中粘土岩类,颗粒细密,粒径在0.01毫米以下,密度在3.04克/立方厘米左右。石料中含多种金属粒子,所以发墨快,墨汁细而有光泽,有“滑不拒墨、涩不滞笔的优点”。
    • 滋润滑腻 洮砚石料矿带毗邻洮河河床,石材水分充足,抛光后手感细滑,呵气即出水珠。由于石材结构紧密,水分不易散发,因而既不渗水,且贮墨日久不干。有“虽酷暑而倾墨不干”的美誉。
    • 硬度适中 洮砚石料硬度为摩氏三度,适于雕琢。其板页岩结构劈理发育良好,石性温和,质硬而不脆,为制的理想石材。
    • 色泽典雅 洮砚石料是以绿色为主,其它种类的石质如:墨绿、碧绿、辉绿、翠绿、淡绿、暗红、淡紫、柳叶青、䴙鹈血……。

参考文献

  1. ^ 史忠平.卓尼洮砚考略[J].中国民族美术,2020(04):26-31.
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洮砚
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