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沙丘

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沙丘,是指一种在风力作用下沙粒堆积的地貌。其外表呈丘状或垄状堆积,一般高度可达几米甚至几十米,个别有上百米者。沙丘的存在是风力将未固结的物质吹移堆积而造成的。沙丘在荒漠或半荒漠地带分布最广,在海岸、湖滨以至于河岸的沙滩也可以有分布。

沙丘按流动程度分为固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘,形态上有新月形、金字塔形、蜂窝形、格状、抛物线形等各种形状。裸露的沙丘容易流动,可以淹没耕地、房屋、道路等,生长植物的沙丘比较固定。

沙丘的沙由于经过风力的长期选择,粒度均一,含泥量很少,适合作为各种建筑材料和工业原料。

大多数沙丘都不断因为风吹而移动。有些特殊的沙丘,例如敦煌鸣沙山,却固定在月牙泉旁边。

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沙丘
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