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歼敌者级核潜艇

概况
名称 歼敌者
建造者 维沙卡帕特南海军造船中心[1]
使用者  印度海军
服役期 2016年
建造中 4艘[2]
完成数 2艘[3]
技术数据
舰型 核动力弹道导弹潜艇
排水量 6,000公吨(5,900长吨;6,600短吨)[4]
全长 112米(367英尺)[4]
全宽 11米(36英尺)
吃水 10米(33英尺)
动力输出
动力来源
速度
  • 浮出水面:12—15节(22—28千米每小时)
  • 潜航:24节(44千米每小时)
潜航深度 300米(980英尺)
乘员 95名
传感与
处理系统
USHUS声纳系统英语USHUS (sonar)
武器装备

导弹:12枚K-15海洋导弹或4枚K-4导弹英语K-4 (SLBM)[5]

鱼雷:6个533亳米的鱼雷发射管[6]

歼敌者级梵语अरिहंत英语Arihant,在梵语意思中指“征服者”)是印度核动力弹道导弹潜艇,也是印度首度自主研发的核动力潜艇。首舰“歼敌者号”于2009年下水,并在2014年12月开始测试,2016年服役[7][8]

歼敌者级使印度成为除了联合国安全理事会常任理事国的五个成员国之外首次有他国能独自研发和建造核潜艇的国家,被外界视为印度加入常任理事国的重要筹码。[9]

历史

1971年印巴战争期间,时任美国总统理查德·尼克松派出命名为第74特遣部队英语Task Force 74航空母舰战斗群,由核动力航空母舰企业号航空母舰作为母舰领导战斗群进入孟加拉湾,企图恐吓印度。[10][11]对此,苏联派出核导弹潜艇符拉迪沃斯托克号跟踪美军在孟加拉湾的行动。[12]是次美苏之间的行动向时任印度总理英迪拉·甘地展示了核武器和弹道导弹潜艇的重要性[13],使印度在继1974年微笑的佛陀的核试验后,便开始了核动力推进系统的可行性研究(第932项目)。[14]

在1998年,时任印度国防部长乔治·费尔南德斯英语George Fernandes证实了印度海军已经开始了核动力潜艇的初步设计工作。[15][16]虽然在1998年波卡兰-II英语Pokhran-II核试验后印度曾承诺不首先使用核武器,但该项目是以完成印度核三位一体战略目标而发展。[17][18][19]

2006年9月22日[13],由巴巴原子能研究中心英语Bhabha Atomic Research Centre英迪拉·甘地原子能研究中心英语Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research设计和制造的压水反应堆原型正式运作[20],并在三年内进行测试工作。后来该原型测试的成功使印度得以进行量产化反应堆以用在歼敌者号的身上。[21][22]

2009年7月26日,歼敌者级首号舰歼敌者号核潜艇正式下水。2016年2月23日,有报导指出,歼敌者号已被确认经成功通过所有测试,在技术上能够随时准备入役。[23][24]

设计

歼敌者级核动力潜艇是源于印度的“先进技术舰艇”(ATV)项目[25][26][27][28][29][30],是印度首次设计和建造的核潜艇。[31]该级潜艇长112米(367英尺),横梁长11米(36英尺),排水量6,000吨(5900长吨;6600短吨),吃水10米(33英尺),潜水深度300米(980英尺)。该级潜艇是由一个83兆瓦(111,000马力)的压水反应堆推动,在浮出水面时能够以12至15节(22-28公里/小时)的速度航行,在潜航时能够以最大24节(44公里/小时)的速度潜航。[32]

该潜艇的驼峰上设有四枚发射管,能够携带多达12枚的K-15海洋导弹或4枚K-4导弹英语K-4 (SLBM)[33][34]歼敌者的整体设计类于俄罗斯971型核潜艇[32],而印度海军中有一艘核潜艇是租自该型号。[35][36]

同级舰

有关印度打算建造的歼敌者级数量目前还未能确定,但据媒体报导,有大约三至六艘潜艇正在规划建造。[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]在一号舰之后的歼敌者级预计将能携带多达8枚的K-4潜射弹道导弹英语K-4 (SLBM)和更大的压水反应堆,并且能够携带总数16杖的弹道导弹。[44][45]

名称 造船厂 吨位 下水时间 海试时间 交付时间 详情
歼敌者号核潜艇 维沙卡帕特南造船中心 6,000 2009年7月26日 2014年12月13日[46] 2016年8月[7] 服役中
艾里达曼号核潜艇英语INS Aridhaman 维沙卡帕特南造船中心 6000 2017年11月19日 2018年1月8日 预计2025年内 海试完成[5][47]
待定 维沙卡帕特南造船中心 7000 2021年11月23日 舾装[48]
待定 维沙卡帕特南造船中心 7000 建造中[48]

参见

参考资料

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歼敌者级核潜艇
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