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极限开关

限位开关电机工程中常用的一种开关,可以利用物体的移动或存在与否来做回路的开路(open)与闭路(close)。

极限开关常作为控制系统中控制机械的一部分,例如安全互锁或是计算一物体通过某一点的次数[1]。极限开关是一个机电设备,其中有一个和一个接点机械连结的致动器。若物体接触致动器,就会触动接点,打开或是关闭电气的连接。

因为极限开关坚固,容易安全,其运作的可靠性高,常用在许多不同的环境及应用中。极限开关可以侦测物体是否存在、也可以侦测物体是否通过某一点,或是其最后是否有停在某一点。极限开关最早是用来定义一物体行进的范围,因此称为极限开关。

极限开关

标准的极限开关是工业控制的元件,有许多不同的型式,例如定位型、滚轮柱塞型、晶须型等。极限开关可以直接用操作杆的动作而启动。磁簧开关英语reed switch可以侦测有磁铁的物体接近或 离开。接近开关借由对电磁场的干扰而动作,可能是透过电容,或是直接感应到一磁场。

工业用的极限开关也会直接控制像灯或是电磁阀,但这相当少见。大部分的工业极限开关会接到控制继电器、马达接触器控制电路,或是可编程逻辑控制器的输入。

微型快动开关英语Miniature snap-action switch可以做为像复印机、电脑打印机敞篷车的车顶、或是微波炉中的一部分,确认内部元件是在正确的位置,避免在门还开着的时候就让设备动作。像车库门开启器英语garage door opener就有一组可调整的极限开关,在车库门全开或全关时切断马达电源。像车床数控机床也有极限开关识别其最大工作范围,或是作为一些增量运动的参考点。

桥的可动件上的极限开关

参考资料

  1. ^ Stephen Herman, Industrial Motor Control Cengage Learning, 2009 chapter 11 "Limit Switches" ISBN 1435442393,
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极限开关
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