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绵蚜

绵蚜
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 半翅目 Hemiptera
科: 蚜科 Aphididae
属: 蚜属 Aphis
种:
绵蚜 A. gossypii
二名法
Aphis gossypii
Glover, 1877

绵蚜学名Aphis gossypii)为常蚜科蚜属下的一个种。

生态

棉蚜各虫期周年可见,喜干燥温暖气候,春、秋两季节发生较为严重。最适发育温度约在27℃。有翅型个体与无翅型个体均行胎生孤雌生殖。棉蚜为杂食性昆虫,且以多种杂草为寄主,杂草或其他寄主可提供栖息及躲避处,主要以吸食叶片、果类汁液获取能量和营养。成蚜及若蚜均群集于叶片上,以刺吸式口器吸取叶背之汁液。在田间棉蚜大多为无翅型个体群集吸食汁液危害,使被害叶片逐渐枯黄、卷缩,严重时则萎凋。密度高时因排出大量蜜露可诱发煤烟病,导致叶片布满黑煤状菌丝。

生长周期

若虫期约5天,成虫寿命约30天,成虫一般在第5日龄开始产后代,生殖期平均在20 ~ 25天。每只成虫每日可产约10只若虫,一生共可产若虫数达100余只。[1]

型态

型态

1.有翅型:体色多变,但腹部背面皆有网状斑纹。头部黑绿乃至黑色,触角 暗色,较体长略短,各节之基部

  • 灰白,翅透明,翅脉黄褐,缘纹
  • 灰色,腹部橙黄,但其后半渐呈
  • 绿色。腹管黑色,呈圆柱状,足
  • 灰白,但胫节之下端及跗节为黑色,体长1.2 ~1.5毫米,展翅约5.4毫米。


2、无翅型:体色多变,触角基部白色,末节暗色,约为体长之半。足黄白, 其末端亦暗色。腹部膨大,背面 有云状斑纹,腹管短而黑。体长 约1.5毫米。若虫似无翅胎生雌 虫,但较小型,绿色乃至黄绿色。

参考文献

  1. ^ 刘玉章、黄毓斌。1991。不同光周期下棉蚜之生命表。中华昆虫11: 106-117页。
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绵蚜
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