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极点 (复分析)

伽玛函数的绝对值。从左面可以看出,在极点处函数的值趋于无穷大。而在图像的右面,则没有极点。

亚纯函数极点是一种特殊的奇点,它的表现如同的奇点。也就是说,如果当时,函数,那么处便具有极点。

定义

假设复平面开子集的一个元素,是一个在定义域内全纯的函数。如果存在一个全纯函数和一个非负整数,使得对于所有内的,都有

那么便称为的极点。满足以上条件的最小整数称为极点的阶。一阶的极点又称为简单极点。

性质

1.函数f在极点a的极限值是.也就是说

2.由性质1.可知,如果令函数

那么代入定义可知:

其中点解析。那么有的m阶零点

3.由于是全纯函数,可以表示为:

这是一个洛朗级数,它的主部分是有限的。全纯函数称为的正则部分。因此,点阶极点,当且仅当处的罗朗级数中所有低于的次数都为零,而次项不为零。

评论

如果函数的一阶导数在处具有简单极点,则的一个分支点英语Branch point,但反过来不成立。

一个既不是极点又不是分支点的非可去奇点称为本性奇点

除了一些孤立奇点外全纯的函数,且所有的奇点均为极点,则该函数称为亚纯函数

参见

外部链接

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极点 (复分析)
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