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奇点 (数学)

数学中,奇点奇异点(英语:Singularity),是数学对象中无法定义的点。一般来说,可以分成两种状况:

  • 这个点的值在数学上没有定义。例如,一个除以零的点。函数的点,是一个奇点;这个点有个性质-它趋向于无限。然而,在数学中,无限的值是没有定义的。在物理中,也尽量避免或除去导致无限的点,虽然在宇宙学中有引力奇点(黑洞奇点)。
  • 或者,在某方面来说,这个点破坏了该数学对象的整体一致性。这个点被称为病态的,是良态的反义。一般的例子是:

不可微的点

可微性来说:

  • 曲线的点是该曲线的奇点,因为该点的切线是垂直的。垂直切线(vertical tangent)的斜率是无限,所以该点不可微
  • 绝对值函数的点是该函数的奇点,因为在该点上无法决定斜率,所以该点不可微。
  • 代数集合的点是奇点,因为该点不可微。

不连续的点

实变数分析中,奇点是不连续点,或是导数的不连续点。

复分析

复分析中,有四类奇点,如下所述。假定U复数集C的一个开子集aU内的一元素,而f为定义在去心邻域U \ {a}下的复可微函数

参见

外部链接

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奇点 (数学)
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