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松嫩平原

松嫩平原是由松花江嫩江冲积而成的平原,位于黑龙江省西南部和吉林省西北部。南以松辽分水岭为界,与辽河平原相隔;北与小兴安岭山脉相连;西起大兴安岭东麓;东至张广才岭等东部山地。海拔150-200米,面积约18万平方公里,约为东北平原面积的一半以上,其中耕地面积5.6万平方公里。松嫩平原与辽河平原由位于长春市附近的侵蚀低丘——松花江、辽河的分水岭隔开,又合称为松辽平原,是东北平原的主体。

松嫩平原以其广阔、肥沃的黑土地著称,与乌克兰草原美国密西西比河流域黑土带并称世界三大黑土带之一;但由于美国的黑土带在1970年代被龙卷风暴横扫后变得贫瘠,而乌克兰的在切尔诺贝利核电厂爆炸后亦变得不适宜种植,现时中国东北的黑土带变成了世界上唯一适合种植的黑土带[1]

松嫩平原是中国重要的商品粮生产基地之一,盛产大豆高粱马铃薯小麦玉米亚麻甜菜向日葵等。此外,著名的大庆油田也位于松嫩平原腹地。这里是扶余族发源地。

地质

松嫩平原被周边山地包围,呈盆地状。早更新世时存在松嫩平原古大湖,湖水面积超过10万km2,形成湖积平原;至晚更新世初古大湖衰亡,进入河流时代,形成冲击平原。[2]湖泊消亡的过程中,形成了不同规模的内陆闭流湖盆,,四周的地表径流汇入到湖泊后,没有外流,水分不断蒸发,水中盐分残留在湖泊里,并通过湖水下渗、侧渗到四周的浅层地下水和沉积物中,留下成片的盐碱化沼泽、浅层地下咸水和含盐量高的沉积物。[3]

参考资料

  1. ^ 在中國的故事第二代. J2. 2013-04-19. 
  2. ^ 裘善文 等:“松辽平原古大湖演变及其平原的形成”,《第四纪研究》,2012年第5期,第1011-1021页。
  3. ^ 李取生 邓伟 钱贞国:“松嫩平原西部盐沼的形成与演化”,《地理科学》2000年第4期。
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松嫩平原
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