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东亚叉牙七鳃鳗

东亚叉牙七鳃鳗
(上图)附着其他鱼身吸血的八目鳗;(下图)八目鳗各部位构造
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 圆口纲 Cyclostomata
目: 七鳃鳗目 Petromyzontiformes
科: 七鳃鳗科 Petromyzontidae
属: 叉牙七鳃鳗属 Lethenteron
种:
东亚叉牙七鳃鳗 L. camtschaticum
二名法
Lethenteron camtschaticum
Tilesius英语Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau, 1811
异名
  • Petromyzon marinus camtschaticus Tilesius 1811
  • Lampetra camtschatica (Tilesius 1811)
  • Lampetra variegata Tilesius 1811
  • Petromyzon variegata (Tilesius 1811)
  • Petromyzon lumbricalis Pallas 1814
  • Petromyzon borealis Girard 1858
  • Lampetra borealis (Girard 1858)
  • Petromyzon japonicus Martens 1868
  • Entosphenus lamottei japonicus (Martens 1868)
  • Entosphenus japonicus (Martens 1868)
  • Lampetra fluviatilis japonica (Martens 1868)
  • Lampetra japonica (Martens 1868)[2]
  • Lethenteron japonicum (Martens 1868)
  • Petromyzon kameraticus Dybowski 1869
  • Petromyzon ernstii Dybowski 1872
  • Ammocoetes aureus Bean 1881
  • Lampetra aurea (Bean 1881)
  • Lampetra mitsukurii major Hatta 1911
  • Lampetra japonica septentrionalis Berg 1931
  • Lampetra japonica f. praecox Johansen 1935

东亚叉牙七鳃鳗学名Lethenteron camtschaticum),又名七鳃鳗日本七鳃鳗北极七鳃鳗八目鳗七星子,是圆口纲七鳃鳗目的一种古老鱼类。[3][4] [2]

生长

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东亚叉牙七鳃鳗的生长,可分幼体期、变态期、成体期三阶段。从出土化石发现,其发育阶段在数亿年间未曾变化。

特征

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牠的特点是嘴呈圆筒形,没有上下,漏斗状的口内有一圈一圈的锋利牙齿,为圆形的吸盘,能吸住大鱼。头前腹面也有呈漏斗状吸盘。

分布和栖息地

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东亚叉牙七鳃鳗是一种极地物种,范围从芬兰拉普兰区向东延伸至俄罗斯堪察加半岛,向南延伸至日本沿海与韩国沿海的北太平洋。牠还栖息于阿拉斯加加拿大西北部的北冰洋太平洋流域,以及蒙古中国东北淡水水域。

与人类的关系

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一种原来生活在海洋[5]的东亚叉牙七鳃鳗被不小心带入北美洲五大湖之后,成了入侵物种。由于成年东亚叉牙七鳃鳗靠吸食其它鱼类的[6][7]血而存活,他们的入侵对五大湖的渔业造成了很大损失,受害尤重的是湖红点鲑Salvelinus namaycush)、贝加尔白鲑Coregonus migratorius)。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. Lethenteron camtschaticum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [23 November 2011]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 日本七鳃鳗. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
  3. ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2011). Lethenteron japonicum. FishBase. Version 2011-12.
  4. ^ 李思忠. 我国东北的八目鳗. 生物学通报. 1954, (2) [2018-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-12). 
  5. ^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Barca, S. & Cobo, F. (2013). Life cycle of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: duration of and growth in the marine life stage. Aquatic Biology 18: 59–62. doi: 10.3354/ab00488.
  6. ^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R. & Cobo, F. (2013). Downstream migration and hematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758). Hydrobiologia 700: 277–286. Doi: 10.1007/s10750-012-1237-3.
  7. ^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Nachón, D. J. & Cobo, F. (2013). Haematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed European sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus on strictly freshwater species. Journal of Fish Biology. doi:10.1111/jfb.12100.
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东亚叉牙七鳃鳗
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