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七鳃鳗科

七鳃鳗科
欧洲七鳃鳗
东亚叉牙七鳃鳗
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 圆口纲 Cyclostomata
目: 七鳃鳗目 Petromyzontiformes
科: 七鳃鳗科 Petromyzontidae
A. Risso, 1827

七鳃鳗科(学名:Petromyzontidae),又名八目鳗七星子,是圆口纲七鳃鳗亚纲七鳃鳗目的一个科,其下生物是至今少数仅存的无颌类脊椎鱼形动物之一。最古老的七鳃鳗化石,有3.6亿年历史,在恐龙出现之前。所以七鳃鳗被称为“活化石”,对于研究脊椎动物的演化有重要作用。[1][2]

七鳃鳗科各物种自然分布于全北区温带海洋与淡水水域[3],其染色体数目(164-174)是脊椎动物中最多的。[4]

与人类的关系

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一种原来生活在海洋[5]的东亚叉牙七鳃鳗被不小心带入北美洲五大湖之后,成了入侵物种。由于成年东亚叉牙七鳃鳗靠吸食其它鱼类的[6][7]血而存活,他们的入侵对五大湖的渔业造成了很大损失,受害尤重的是湖红点鲑Salvelinus namaycush)、贝加尔白鲑Coregonus migratorius)。

欧洲七鳃鳗亦是一种美食,欧洲的上流社会从中世纪开始就视其为珍馐。文献记载英格兰国王亨利一世爱吃欧洲七鳃鳗,结果有一次在诺曼底吃了太多的欧洲七鳃鳗后死去。直到今天,在南欧的一些国家(法国西班牙葡萄牙等),欧洲七鳃鳗仍然是一道昂贵的名菜。由于过度捕捞,欧洲的七鳃鳗数量一直在减少。韩国人同样也有食用七鳃鳗

影视形象

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2014年美国恐怖电影《食人鳗英语Blood_Lake:_Attack_of_the_Killer_Lampreys》以七鳃鳗为题材。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 科学家在南非发现最古老鱼化石. [2014-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-22). 
  2. ^ 七鳃鳗的生物学特性及科研价值. [2022-09-04]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-04). 
  3. ^ Berra, Tim M. Freshwater Fish Distribution. University of Chicago Press. 2008 [2022-09-04]. ISBN 978-0-226-04443-9. (原始内容存档于2022-08-12). 
  4. ^ Family Petromyzontidae - Northern lampreys. [2022-09-04]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-13). 
  5. ^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Barca, S. & Cobo, F. (2013). Life cycle of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: duration of and growth in the marine life stage. Aquatic Biology 18: 59–62. doi: 10.3354/ab00488.
  6. ^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R. & Cobo, F. (2013). Downstream migration and hematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758). Hydrobiologia 700: 277–286. Doi: 10.1007/s10750-012-1237-3.
  7. ^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Nachón, D. J. & Cobo, F. (2013). Haematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed European sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus on strictly freshwater species. Journal of Fish Biology. doi:10.1111/jfb.12100.
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七鳃鳗科
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