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杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体.
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor |
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鉴定 |
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标志 | KIR |
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膜蛋白数据库 | 18 |
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杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体,常缩写为“KIR”(英语:Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors),是免疫系统重要成员的自然杀伤细胞(NK cell) 表面的一组蛋白。这些受体蛋白可以通过与第一型主要组织相容性复合体(MHC class I)相互作用而调节细胞的杀伤功能。[1]
KIR蛋白由19号染色体长臂(19q13.4)的一组同名基因编码。这些基因的多态性很高,既表现在单个基因是否出现,也表现在基因的等位基因的不同。[2]
根据受体蛋白的细胞外球蛋白结构域(domain)数和胞质尾(cytoplasmic tail)的长度,受体蛋白及其对应基因可以分为四类:
- 两个域,长尾:KIR2DL1、KIR2DL2、KIR2DL3、KIR2DL4、KIR2DL5A、KIR2DL5B
- 两个域,短尾:KIR2DS1、KIR2DS2、KIR2DS3、KIR2DS4、KIR2DS5
- 三个域,长尾:KIR3DL1、KIR3DL2、KIR3DL3
- 三个域,短尾:KIR3DS1
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