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杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
鉴定
标志KIR
膜蛋白数据库英语Membranome18

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体,常缩写为“KIR”(英语:Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors),是免疫系统重要成员的自然杀伤细胞(NK cell) 表面的一组蛋白。这些受体蛋白可以通过与第一型主要组织相容性复合体(MHC class I)相互作用而调节细胞的杀伤功能。[1]

KIR蛋白由19号染色体长臂(19q13.4)的一组同名基因编码。这些基因的多态性很高,既表现在单个基因是否出现,也表现在基因的等位基因的不同。[2]

命名

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根据受体蛋白的细胞外球蛋白结构域(domain)数和胞质尾(cytoplasmic tail)的长度,受体蛋白及其对应基因可以分为四类:

  • 两个域,长尾:KIR2DL1、KIR2DL2、KIR2DL3、KIR2DL4、KIR2DL5A、KIR2DL5B
  • 两个域,短尾:KIR2DS1、KIR2DS2、KIR2DS3、KIR2DS4、KIR2DS5
  • 三个域,长尾:KIR3DL1、KIR3DL2、KIR3DL3
  • 三个域,短尾:KIR3DS1

参考文献

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  1. ^ Vilches C, Parham P. KIR: diverse, rapidly evolving receptors of innate and adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002, 20: 217–51. PMID 11861603. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.092501.134942. 
  2. ^ Uhrberg M. The KIR gene family: life in the fast lane of evolution. Eur J Immunol. 2005, 35 (1): 10–5. PMID 15580655. doi:10.1002/eji.200425743. 

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杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体
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