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末日论证

公元前1万年到公元2000年世界人口的变化

末日论证(Doomsday argument),也译为末世论证,是一种预测人类未来的或然论证。它以对到目前为止人类总人口的估计作为条件进行推理,得到的结论认为人类很有可能已经经历了其一半的历史进程。

末日论证由天体物理学家布兰登·卡特于1983年首先提出,[1]因此有些时候也被称为卡特大灾难(Carter catastrophe)。这一观点被哲学家约翰·莱斯利所支持。随后,约翰·理查德·戈特[2]霍尔格·伯克·尼尔森英语Holger Bech Nielsen[3]也先后独立提出了这一论证。而早前海因茨·冯·福斯特与其他一些人就已提出了关于末世论的相似观点。

介绍

假设是整个人类历史中已经出生和将会出生的所有人口的总和,根据哥白尼原则,每个人在其中的位置是均匀分布的,即区间(0,1]中是连续均匀分布的。其中,是一种先验概率。这样就可以得到,有95%的可能处于区间(0.05,1]之间。也就是说,我们可以认为我们有95%的可能性处于最后出生的95%的人类之中。如果我们知道了的数值,也就可以给出的上限。由,能够推出

如果我们假设人类到目前为止出生的总人口为600亿(据莱斯利的计算),那么就可以估计有95%的可能整个人类历史人口总和小于亿亿。再假设世界人口稳定在100亿,同时假定人类的预期寿命为80岁,则可以估算出在9120年内将会出生11400亿。换句话说,这一理论预测人类的历史有95%的可能会在未来的9120年内终结。当然,如果对于未来世界人口有不同的估计的话,将会得到不同的计算结果。

参考文献

  1. ^ Brandon Carter. The anthropic principle and its implications for biological evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1983, A310: 347–363. doi:10.1098/rsta.1983.0096. 
  2. ^ J. Richard Gott, III. Implications of the Copernican principle for our future prospects. Nature. 1993, 363: 315–319. doi:10.1038/363315a0. 
  3. ^ Holger Bech Nielsen. Random dynamics and relations between the number of fermion generations and the fine structure constants. Acta Physica Polonica. 1989, B20: 427–468. 
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末日论证
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