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末世论

末世论末日论(英语:Eschatology)是研究历史终结及其相关方面的哲学或者神学理论,神学上的末世论一般关心人类社会的终结以及如何终结等问题,而哲学末世论则可能着眼于人类社会的终结问题,也可能着眼于自然的终结。在末世论的基础上产生的学科有末世论的历史哲学自然哲学本体论认识论等。[1]

宗教意义上的末世

基督教

《圣经·启示录》中描述有关世界末日的一个概念,那时七印将要被揭开,在犹太教基督教旧约中末世被描绘成一个进入永恒神的国的时刻,也就是弥赛亚救主)降临拯救人类的时刻;而基督教新约则把末世描绘成一个没有人知道何时发生的个体信仰时刻,即耶稣再来审判世界的时刻。[1]

伊斯兰教

伊斯兰教末世论伊斯兰教重要的组成部分,是穆斯林信仰五大信条之一,排在信真主之后列第二位。[2]《古兰经》:“你们把自己的脸转向东方和西方,都不是正义。正义是信真主,信末日,信天神,信天经,信先知…”[3]。不相信世界末日事件的穆斯林,就不是真正的穆斯林。在穆斯林每天的祈祷中,他们都要念诵几段的所谓末日经文和祷词。穆斯林的宗教核心期望,信仰的终极目标就是“要为安拉奋斗,促进安拉的国度或者穆斯林国度的降临”[4]

佛教

佛教弥勒菩萨未来成佛的预言(当于现今减劫人寿减至10岁,后遇增劫至人寿8万4千岁,再遇减劫至人寿8万岁时,弥勒成佛),按照学者计算约五十多亿年后,弥勒菩萨将会出现成佛,于龙华树下三会说法,分别度化九十六、九十四、九十二亿有情,所以未来弥勒佛成为佛教徒再次于人间值遇佛陀的冀望,但严格说来这不是末世论,只是下一位佛陀出现的记载。

道教

道教东汉末年曾发展出对金阙后圣太平帝君的信仰,至东晋时,道教一些派别称,在天地毁灭的“甲申末劫”中,恶人将要全部死灭,而金阙帝君将出现救世,并接引受上天垂怜的种民进入天庭“四种民天”。金阙帝君变身为李弘真君,同时君临天下,天下太平。

科学意义上的末世

现代宇宙学认为宇宙在不断演化,并试图预测宇宙的终极命运,可能包括热寂大撕裂大挤压等多种情况。

参见

参考文献

延伸阅读

  • Craig C. Hill. In God's Time: The Bible and the Future, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans 2002. ISBN 0-8028-6090-7.
  • Dave Hunt, A Cup of Trembling, Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, (Oregon) 1995 ISBN 1-56507-334-7.
  • Jonathan Menn. Biblical Eschatology, Eugene, Oregon, Wipf & Stock 2013. ISBN 978-1-62032-579-7.
  • Joseph Ratzinger. Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life, Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press 1985. ISBN 978-0-8132-1516-7.
  • Robert Sungenis, Scott Temple, David Allen Lewis, Shock Wave 2000! subtitled The Harold Camping 1994 Debacle, New Leaf Press, Inc. 2004 ISBN 0-89221-269-1.
  • Stephen Travis. Christ Will Come Again: Hope for the Second Coming of Jesus,Toronto: Clements Publishing 2004. ISBN 1-894667-33-6.
  • Jerry L. Walls (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology, New York: Oxford University Press 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-973588-4.

外部链接

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末世论
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