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月旦评.
月旦评又名汝南月旦评，是由东汉末年汝南郡人许劭所主持的品评人物活动。
东汉末年许劭与其从兄许靖喜欢品评当代人物，常在每月的初一，发表对当时人物的品评，故称“月旦评”[1]。例如许劭评曹操是“治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄。”[2]月旦评影响深远，孔尚任《桃花扇·修札》:“舌唇才动，也成月旦春秋。”
月旦评本身也颇受讥评，祖纳和王隐都认为一个月内便行褒贬，实在太过草率[3] 。梅陶更称：“月旦，私法也。”[4]蒋济《万机论》云许子将“褒贬不平，以拔樊子昭而抑许文休。”[5]《后汉书》本传亦称许劭“与从兄靖不睦，时议以此少之”。诸葛恪《与丞相陆逊书》：“自汉末以来，中国士大夫如许子将辈，所以更相谤讪，或至于祸，原其本起，非为大雠。惟坐克己不能尽如礼，而责人专以正义。”[6]葛洪更认为“月旦评”是结党营私的表现[7]。
- ^ 《后汉书·卷六十八·许劭传》：“初， 劭与靖俱有高名，好共核论乡党人物，每月辄更其品题，故汝南俗有'月旦评'焉。”
- ^ 裴松之注引孙盛《异同杂语》：“尝问许子将：‘我何如人？’子将不答。固问之，子将曰：‘子治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄。’太祖大笑。”
- ^ 王隐在坐，因曰：“《尚书》称‘三载考绩，三考黜陟幽明’，何得一月便行褒贬! ”（《晋书》卷六二《祖逖传》附《祖纳传》）
- ^ 《晋书》卷六二《祖逖传》附《祖纳传》
- ^ 《三国志》卷三七《庞统传》裴松之注
- ^ 《全三国文》卷六五
- ^ 《抱朴子》外篇《自叙》说：“汉末俗弊，朋党分部。许子将之徒，以口舌取戒，争讼论议，门宗成雠，故汝南人士无复定价，而有月旦之评。”
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