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汾河片

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汾河片在《中国语言地图集》中用以指中原官话的九个片之一,主要分布在山西省汾河下游的临汾运城两市,以及陕西省韩城等地。汾河片白读层均显著区别于官话

分片

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通常将汾河片分为三个小片:

  • 平阳小片:主要包含临汾市中北部地区,主要特征是,阴入归为阴平,阳入归为阳平去声分阴阳。
  • 绛州小片:包含临汾市南部和运城市北部的一些县市,主要特征是阴入归去声,阳入归阳平
  • 解州小片:主要包含运城市南部和陕西韩城、郃阳,阴入归为阴平,阳入归阳平

音韵特点

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  • 假摄三等字(车、奢、邪、遮、嗟、蛇、些、爹、马、雅、者、野、写、且、社、舍、姐、谢、夜、射、驾、亚、吓等)白读为[a][ia]
  • 疑母细音(牛、逆、拟、艺、毅、研等)腭化为[ȵ]
  • 影云两母,在韵图三等中增生[ȵ],区别于四等。
  • 常母平声字声母为[ʂ]
  • 微母独立读[v]
  • 宕摄白读失鼻音高化为[o][io]
  • 中古止摄合口三等字今白读混遇。

平阳小片

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  • 崇母字声母为[s]
  • 梗摄、三等曾摄阳声韵白读一失落鼻音读[ie][e]
  • 江摄白读失鼻音高化为[o][io]
  • 中古蟹摄合口三等字今白读混遇。
  • 去声分阴阳。

绛州小片

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  • 崇母字声母为[s]
  • 梗摄、三等曾摄阳声韵白读一失落鼻音读[ie][e]
  • 江摄白读失鼻音高化为[o][io]
  • 中古蟹摄合口三等字今白读混遇。
  • 阴入归去声。

解州小片

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  • 部分点古[m]韵尾字今读[ŋ]韵尾。
  • 梗摄二等阳声韵白读一失落鼻音读[a][ia]
  • 梗摄三四等阳声韵白读一失落鼻音读[ie][e]
  • 曾摄等阳声韵白读韵尾读[n]

词汇

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汾河片在词汇上也大不同于官话,有些接近吕梁片,也有一些带有自身色彩。如玉米叫“玉䵚黍”,家叫“居舍”,同吕梁;外祖父叫舅舍爷,全国仅见汾河片。

参见

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汾河片
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