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昭仪

昭仪,为中国古代后宫嫔御的一种。始置于西汉元帝时期,其位相当于丞相,爵比诸侯

中国

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西汉元帝时,元帝的妃子傅婕妤有殊宠,冯婕妤舍身救主有功,且都生有皇子(傅婕妤生定陶王刘康、冯婕妤生中山王刘兴),为了显示出两位宠妃的异宠,但汉元帝仍在位,两妃无法称王太后,于是在婕妤之上新设昭仪一位,取“昭其仪”之意,封傅氏与冯媛为昭仪[1]。自此汉朝沿用之册封最高级的妃嫔,位仅亚于皇后。

三国曹魏后宫,夫人下有昭仪,爵比县侯。

晋朝避司马昭讳,不设置昭仪封号。但五胡十六国依然时有采用。

北朝时期恢复昭仪封号,依然用于册封高级或最高级妃嫔,有时分设左昭仪右昭仪;南朝则仅作为嫔的其中一级,唐朝因之,为九嫔之首,位次四妃

自明朝前期之后,后宫不再设置昭仪。

朝鲜王朝

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昭仪也是朝鲜王朝后宫嫔御等级之一,为正二品内命妇,地位次于贵人,而在淑仪之上。

相关条目

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  • 西汉昭仪
  1. 冯媛,汉元帝妃,曾以身当熊救护汉元帝
  2. 傅昭仪,汉元帝宠妃
  3. 赵昭仪,汉成帝宠妃,皇后赵飞燕的妹妹。
  4. 董昭仪,汉哀帝妃,男宠董贤的妹妹。
  • 五胡十六国昭仪
  1. 段昭仪慕容儁妃。
  2. 苻娀娥慕容熙妃,皇后苻训英的姐姐。
  • 南北朝昭仪
  1. 闾左昭仪,北魏太武帝妃,生拓跋余
  2. 冯左昭仪,北魏太武帝妃。
  3. 沮渠右昭仪,北魏太武帝妃。
  4. 封昭仪,北魏献文帝妃,生元禧
  5. 冯左昭仪,北魏孝文帝孝文幽皇后
  6. 冯昭仪,北魏孝文帝妃,孝文幽皇后的异母妹妹。
  7. 胡明相,北魏孝明帝妃,灵太后的族侄女。
  8. 段昭仪,北齐文宣帝妃,娄太后甥女。
  9. 曹昭仪,北齐后主宠妃。
  10. 董昭仪,北齐后主妃。
  • 唐朝昭仪
  1. 宇文昭仪唐高祖
  2. 昭仪某氏,唐太宗
  3. 武媚,原唐太宗才人,太宗死后唐高宗纳为昭仪。
  4. 王昭仪,唐德宗
  5. 赵昭仪唐顺宗
  6. 王昭仪,唐顺宗妃
  7. 张昭仪唐穆宗
  8. 吴昭仪唐武宗
  9. 沈昭仪,唐武宗妃
  10. 吴昭仪,唐宣宗
  11. 李渐荣唐昭宗
  • 五代十国
    • 南汉
  1. 赵昭仪,刘䶮妃
  • 金朝昭仪
  1. 昭仪夹谷氏金章宗

注释

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  1. ^ 汉书/卷097下》:“上欲殊之于后宫,以二人皆有子为王,上尚在,未得称太后,乃更号曰昭仪,赐以印绶,在婕妤上。昭其仪,尊之也”
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昭仪
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