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婕妤

婕妤
汉语名称
汉语婕妤
繁体字 婕妤
简化字 婕妤
越南语名称
国语字 Tiệp dư

婕妤中国越南妃嫔称号, 拼音为“jié yú”。亦写作“倢伃[a]”。其名之意,据《汉书·外戚传》颜师古注,“倢,言接幸于上也。伃,美称也。”

历史沿革

汉初,皇帝妾室皆称为夫人,又有美人良人等称号[1]

汉武帝时,设立婕妤、𫰛娥傛华充仪等位号,婕妤仅次于皇后,为妃嫔之首[1][2]

汉昭帝时,上官氏入宫为婕妤,后被立为皇后。其后的许平君王政君,皆先被立为婕妤再册立为皇后[1]汉元帝时因在皇后之下增设昭仪一位,使婕妤之号退居第二。

曹魏时退居十二等中的第九。时尚在九嫔之内。南朝宋以下,降至九嫔以下。唐代时婕妤为正三品,于后庭里仅次于皇帝正妻皇后,正一品四夫人以及九嫔。最后出现过婕妤的封号为初,之后则无婕妤之号。

越南阮朝时,婕妤为妃嫔的第五及第六阶 。

备注

  1. ^ 北京故宫博物院藏有“緁伃妾娋印”,指緁伃通倢伃。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 汉书 卷九十七上 外戚传第六十七上》
  2. ^ 《汉书 卷九十七上 外戚传序》:“至武帝制倢伃、傛华充仪,各有爵位……倢伃视上卿,比列侯。”
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婕妤
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