For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
易牙.
易牙 |
---|
本名 | 名:巫 |
---|
国籍 | 齐国 |
---|
别名 | 雍巫、狄牙 |
---|
活跃时期 | 春秋时期(公元前7世纪) |
---|
知名于 | 齐国大夫、厨师 |
---|
易牙(?—?),雍人,名巫,所以也叫雍巫[1]或狄牙[2],春秋时期齐国著名厨师。
生平
原本为寺人,精于烹调,长于辨味,史称其:“至于味,天下期于易牙。”[3],“酸则沃之以水,淡则加之以咸”[4],“淄渑之合,易牙尝知之”[5],有宠于齐桓公夫人卫共姬(长卫姬),得到齐桓公的称美[6]。齐桓公曾说未曾食过人的肉,易牙就杀了自己的儿子,煮熟给齐桓公吃并得到其信任[7][8]。齐桓公想任用他代替将死的管仲,不过管仲认为:“人之情非不爱其子也,其子之忍,又将何爱于君!”所以反对由他接任,齐桓公也就将他和开方、竖刁撤职,永远不准入朝。
但后来齐桓公没有听管仲遗言,亲信易牙、竖刁、开方。桓公得重病,易牙与竖刁作乱,填塞宫门,筑起高墙,内外不通,最后令齐桓公饿死。其后无人安葬齐桓公,直到尸体遍满蛆虫为止。
易牙、竖刁立公子无诡为君,公子昭逃到宋国,宋襄公意欲扶植公子昭,于是强力攻齐,易牙出战,竖刁留在齐国。此时齐国卿大夫与宋襄公合作发动政变,诛杀竖刁、绞死无诡,易牙则逃亡鲁国,据说后来寓居彭城(今江苏徐州)。
后人常将易牙尊奉为餐饮业之祖师爷之一,许多餐厅、厨艺相关著作亦以其命名,如明朝韩奕《易牙遗意》、周履靖《续易牙遗意》等。台湾有高雄市前镇区开基易牙祖师府[9]、台南市永康区易牙祖师府主祀之,并以梅颠祖师、庖丁祖师为其从神。其中开基易牙祖师府以农历六月二十八日作为神明圣诞,并会在当日与高雄市政府合办易牙美食节,至2017年时已举办二十届。[9]
注释
- ^ 《尚友录》载:“齐大父易牙之后,即雍巫也,善知味,有望出济阳,今江东多此姓。”
- ^ 《大戴礼记·保傅》:“齐桓公……失管仲,任竖刁、狄牙,身死不葬而为天下笑。”王充《论衡》的“狄牙和膳,肴无淡味”
- ^ 《孟子·告子上》
- ^ 王充《论衡.谴告篇》
- ^ 《列子·说符》
- ^ 《淮南子·精神训》:“桓公甘易牙之和。”
- ^ 司马迁《史记·齐太公世家》:管仲病,桓公问曰:“群臣谁可相者?”管仲曰:“知臣莫如君。”公曰:“易牙如何?”对曰:“杀子以适君,非人情,不可。”
- ^ 《战国策·魏策》:“齐桓公夜半不嗽,易牙乃煎熬燔炙,和调五味而进之。”
- ^ 9.0 9.1 kaochuanchen. 廚聖易牙聖誕 廚師齊聚展功夫. PeoPo公民新闻. 2017-07-22 [2019-07-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-29) (中文(台湾)).
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!