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新太古代

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新太古代,是太古宙的最后一个代,前一个是中太古代,后一个是元古宙古元古代,新太古代的年代大约在28~25亿之间[1]

特点

新太古代早期出现了地球形成以来的第一次冰河期,并延续3亿年,也就是28~25亿年之间。

太古代时期的火山和板块运动非常活跃,而且那个时候地球的地壳比现今的要来得薄,因此在很多地方可能都存在断层、开裂等现象。大块的大陆直到太古代晚期才出现,大部分时候,大陆以小块原始大陆的形式存在而剧烈的地质运动使得它们无法整合。

大气层在太古代已经形成,温度应该和现今差不多,但是浓度要高很多。大气层刚刚形成的时候主要成分应该是氦气和氢气。但是随着地球不断从内部释放出高温气体,大气层的主要成分逐渐变为二氧化碳,兼有甲烷、氮气和水。这一推测得到了化石证据的支持。这些温室气体防止了地球随着地质活动的减缓而逐渐冷却,因此是产生生命最重要的前提之一。还有一个有趣的现象就是,大部分金属矿藏(铁、铜、锌、镍和金)都源于太古代,澳大利亚和加拿大丰富的巨矿在那个时候就产生了。

参考

  1. ^ 万天丰著. 中国大地构造学. 北京:地质出版社. 2011.07: 30. ISBN 978-7-116-07219-0. 
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新太古代
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