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始太古代

始太古代
4000 – 3600 百万年前
地质年代
-4500 —
-4000 —
-3500 —
-3000 —
-2500 —
-2000 —
-1500 —
-1000 —
-500 —
0 —
词源
名称是否正式正式
具体信息
天体地球
适用区域全球(ICS)
适用时标ICS时间表
定义
地质年代单位
年代地层单位
名称是否正式正式
下边界定义以时间定义
下边界GSSP位置N/A
GSSP批准时间N/A
上边界定义以时间定义
上边界GSSP位置N/A
GSSP批准时间N/A

始太古代(Eoarchean),是太古宙第一个,也是地球形成固态地壳后首先有地质记录的年代。它自40亿年前冥古宙结束后持续了4亿年,到36亿年前结束。地球的生命起源大致在这一时期,蓝菌门生物明确生存的时间可追溯至35亿年前。这时地球大气层中几乎没有氧,气压约在10到100之间(现代的10到100分之一)。[1]:26[2]:E821–30[3]:3–33

始太古代(38亿年前)铌铁矿样本(铬云母-石英片麻岩),采自格陵兰Nuup Kangerlua。
石榴子石副片麻岩,加拿大Nuvvuagittuq绿岩带中,为地球已知最老的岩石(42.8亿年)。

年代顺序

始太古代最早被非正式地称为“早太古代”(已弃用)。[4]

国际地层委员会现在认证始太古代是太古宙的第一部分,这一时期地球刚从熔融的状态冷却下来。

始太古代下界或起点被国际地层委员会定义为40亿年前。[5]

瓦巴拉大陆在始太古代末约36亿年前出现。

地质

在始太古代,地球首次形成固态地壳,不过并不完全,在其表面可能仍存在岩浆。始太古代的开端由内太阳系一次重大小行星撞击事件标记:即后期重轰炸期。始太古代规模最大的成岩是格陵兰西南岸的伊苏阿绿岩带,它在38亿年前开始形成。加拿大地盾的阿卡斯塔片麻岩年代约为4031 Ma,是现存最古老的成岩。在2008年,魁北克北部的Nuvvuagittuq绿岩带发现了年代约为4280Ma的成岩。[6]:1828–1831These formations are presently under intense investigation.[需要解释][7]:150–163

大气

38.5亿年前的格陵兰磷灰石显示碳12浓度增加。这使得人们怀疑38亿年之前是否有光合作用生物存在。[8][可能过时?]

建议的次级分类

  • 始太古代— 4031–3600 Mya
    • 阿卡斯塔纪— 4031–3810 Mya
    • 伊苏阿纪— 3810–3600 Mya[9]:359-365

参考

  1. ^ Mulkidjanian, A. Y. On the origin of life in the zinc world: 1. Photosynthesizing, porous edifices built of hydrothermally precipitated zinc sulfide as cradles of life on Earth. ll. Biol. Direct. 2009, 4. PMC 3152778可免费查阅. PMID 19703272. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-4-26. 
  2. ^ Mulkidjanian, A. Y.; Bychkov, A. Y.; Dibrova, D. V.; Galperin, M. Y.; Koonin, E. V. Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012, 109 (14). Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E.821M. PMC 3325685可免费查阅. PMID 22331915. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117774109可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ Mulkidjanian, A. Y. Energetics of the First Life. Egel, R.; Lankenau, D.-H.; Mulkidjanian, A. Y. (编). Origins of Life: The Primal Self-Organization. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 2011. ISBN 978-3-642-21625-1. 
  4. ^ Eoarchean Era. geologypage.com. 16 January 2014 [2021-11-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-08). 
  5. ^ International Chronostratigraphic Chart v.2013/01 (PDF). 国际地层委员会. January 2013 [April 6, 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-01). 
  6. ^ O'Neil, J.; Carlson, R. W.; Francis; D.; Stevenson, R. K. Neodymium-142 Evidence for Hadean Mafic Crust. Science. 2008, 321 (5897). Bibcode:2008Sci...321.1828O. PMID 18818357. S2CID 206514655. doi:10.1126/science.1161925. 
  7. ^ David, J.; Godin, L.; Stevenson, R. K.; O'Neil, J.; Francis, D. U-Pb ages (3.8–2.7 Ga) and Nd isotope data from the newly identified Eoarchean Nuvvuagittuq supracrustal belt, Superior Craton, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 2009, 121 (1–2). doi:10.1130/B26369.1. 
  8. ^ Mojzsis, S. J.; Arrhenius, G.; McKeegan, K. D.; Harrison, T. M.; Nutman, A. P.; Friend, C. R. L. Evidence for life on Earth before 3,800 million years ago (PDF). Nature. 1996, 384 (6604): 55–59 [2021-11-05]. Bibcode:1996Natur.384...55M. PMID 8900275. S2CID 4342620. doi:10.1038/384055a0. hdl:2060/19980037618可免费查阅. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-05). 
  9. ^ Van Kranendonk, Martin J. 16: A Chronostratigraphic Division of the Precambrian: Possibilities and Challenges. Felix M. Gradstein; James G. Ogg; Mark D. Schmitz; abi M. Ogg (编). The geologic time scale 2012 1st. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2012. ISBN 978-0-44-459425-9. 

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始太古代
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