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斯莱特定则

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在量子化学中,斯莱特Slater JC定则(Slater's rules)用于计算有效核电荷的数值。在多电子原子中,由于其它电子的屏蔽作用,每个电子都受到少于实际核电荷的正电荷吸引力。对于原子中的某一个电子,斯莱特定则可以确定它的屏蔽常数(常用σ表示),并计算实际所受的有效核电荷:

这个半经验定则由约翰·C·斯莱特于1930年设计并发表。

定则内容

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Zeff=Z-σ


屏蔽常数σ的确定如下:

1.主量子数大于n的电子忽略。

2.每个具有相同主量子数n的电子记0.35,(对于n = 1只记0.3)。

3.主量子数为(n - 1)的电子:对于次量子数l = 0(s-轨道)和l = 1(p-轨道):每个0.85;对于次量子数l = 2(d-轨道)和l = 3(f-轨道):每个1.00。

4.主量子数为(n-2)或更少的电子记为1.0。

屏蔽常数

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屏蔽常数屏蔽常数(screening constant)为斯莱特定则电子对某一特定电子屏蔽核引力的量化数值,为一电子所受的有效核电荷,常以σ表示。

例子

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积极性

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参考

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斯莱特定则
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