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斑马贻贝

斑马贻贝
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 软体动物门 Mollusca
纲: 双壳纲 Bivalvia
目: 海螂目 Myoida
科: 饰贝科 Dreissenidae
属: 饰贝属 Dreissena
种:
斑马贻贝 D. polymorpha
二名法
Dreissena polymorpha
(Pallas, 1771)[1]
异名[1]
  • Dreissena andrusovi Andrusov, 1897
  • Dreissena aralensis Andrusov, 1897
  • Dreissena arnouldi Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena bedoti Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena belgrandi Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena complanata Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena curta Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena eximia Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena küsteri Dunker, 1855
  • Dreissena locardi Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena lutetiana Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena magnifica Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena obtusecarinata Andrusov, 1897
  • Dreissena occidentalis Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena paradoxa Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena polymorpha var. lacustrina Boettger, 1913
  • Dreissena recta Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena servaini Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena sulcata Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena tumida Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena ventrosa Locard, 1893
  • Dreissena westerlundi Locard, 1893
  • Mytilus arca Kickx, 1834
  • Mytilus chemnitzii Férussac, 1835
  • Mytilus fluvis Gray, 1825
  • Mytilus hagenii Baer, 1826
  • Mytilus polymorphus Pallas, 1771(original combination)
  • Mytilus polymorphus fluviatilis Pallas, 1771
  • Mytilus volgensis Gray, 1825
  • Pinna fluviatilis Sander, 1780
  • Tichogonia chemnitzii Rossmässler, 1835
斑马贻贝活体在水底下张开外壳冒泡呼吸时可见其虹管

斑马贻贝(学名:Dreissena polymorpha),亦作斑马纹贻贝[2]多形饰贝[3],是一种小型的淡水生活双壳纲软体动物,属于帘蛤目饰贝科[1]。其种加词zebra”意为“有斑马状纹样的”。本物种原生于俄罗斯南部及乌克兰[4]里海黑海区域,处于欧洲亚洲的交界。本物种由德国博物学家彼得·西蒙·帕拉斯于1769年描述,模式产地在乌拉尔河伏尔加河聂伯河[5]

斑马贻贝得名于其外壳上常见的条状花纹,尽管这些条纹并非每一只的外壳都会有。个体大约如手指甲的大小,但最大可以长到约2英寸(5.1 cm)[6][7]。外壳形像呈拉丁字母“D”字的形状,有强壮的足丝从其胎壳的背部固着到基底质。

入侵范围

预防斑马贻贝入侵的海报

本物种原生于俄罗斯南部及乌克兰[4]里海黑海区域,处于欧洲亚洲交界的欧亚大陆, 1986年时意外透过压舱水被引进到北美洲五大湖区,然后又透过五大湖区在美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥河[8]连接往密西西比河河谷的水闸往南扩散[9],直到墨西哥湾[8]

由于其扩散快速,被欧洲英国爱尔兰意大利西班牙瑞典)及北美洲的多国列为入侵物种。 现时在爱尔兰的西海岸亦有见本物种的踪影[10]

影响

环境

斑马贻贝是一种滤食性动物:在水里时会打开双壳纳入碎屑。由于斑马贻贝的外壳的边沿很锐利,很容易会割伤踏在其上的人的脚,所以当人行走斑马贻贝肆虐的地方时必须要穿上水鞋。

水质

多伦多怀雅逊大学有研究指斑马贻贝会“污染水质”[11]。研究透过向放置有斑马贻贝的水柱注入一般含有浮游碎屑的湖水,比较湖水通过贻贝后水中化学成分的转变[11]。研究结果发现斑马贻贝在消化了水中的碎屑后,碎屑里的氮化物被还原成为氮气逸脱;但磷化物消化后仍然保留在中里[11],间接令水中的磷化物比例增加,从而使水质更有利于水中原有的蓝绿藻生长[11],产生水华。而这蓝绿藻又会分泌出一些化合物,令水变臭[11],“影响饮用水的味道”,并“造成有毒物质大量生成”。

参看

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rosenberg, Gary; Huber, Markus. Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771). WoRMS. 2013 [2013-05-13]. 
  2. ^ (德)迪特玛·迈腾斯著. 软体动物. 武汉:湖北教育出版社. 2010.04: 24. ISBN 978-7-5351-5462-0. 
  3. ^ 多形飾貝. 查查线上词典. [2017-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-02) (中文). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Hoddle, M. S. Quagga & Zebra Mussels. Center for Invasive Species Research, UC Riverside. [2010-06-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-06-23). 
  5. ^ Mollusca Slovenska [The Slovak molluscs]. Bratislava: VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied英语Slovak Academy of Sciences. : 344 pp. 
  6. ^ The National Atlas of the United States of America. Zebra Mussels. Nationalatlas.gov. 2009-09-17 [2010-06-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-27). 
  7. ^ Zebra mussel — Invasive species: Minnesota DNR. Dnr.state.mn.us. 1999-08-24 [2010-06-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-01). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Egan, Dan. Group to study barriers in Illinois waterway: Aim is keep invaders out of Great Lakes. 2006-01-10 [2017-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2007-08-13) (英语). 
  9. ^ 如何使用人工屏障阻止外來種進入五大湖區?. 台湾环境资讯中心电子报. 2006-01-19 [2017-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-21) (中文(繁体)). 
  10. ^ Minchin, Dan. The Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymopha (Pallas) extends its range westwards in Ireland. 爱尔兰生物地理学学会学报英语Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society. 2003, 27: 176–182. ISSN 0332-1185. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Toye, Suelan. Blooms in Canada's lakes on rise: study. Ryerson University. 2007-01-26 (英语). [永久失效链接]

外部链接

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斑马贻贝
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