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官方律师

官方律师(英语:Crown Counsel),在英属香港意译作检察官[1],是普通法适用地区的一种大律师及律政人员(legal officer)。他们的职责为向官方或政府提供建议及在诉讼(在加拿大通常为民事,在政权移交前的香港则为民事及刑事)中担任检控人。在不同的时期及司法管辖区,他们的职责及头衔可能会有所不同。他们也可能被称为英王按察使(King's Advocate)、女王按察使(Queen's Advocate)或英廷按察使(Crown advocate)。

加拿大多数省份,政府的律政人员被分为检控官(crown attorney,直译为“官方受权人”)和官方律师(crown counsel)。[2]在加拿大,“检控官”(crown attorney)一词更多被用于称呼刑事案件中的公诉人;“官方律师”(crown counsel,或译作“民事检察官”)则用于指民事案件中政府的代表。

锡兰,随着确立共和制的《1972年斯里兰卡宪法》(Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972)的颁布,官方律师更名为“国家律师”(State Counsel)。

香港,1997年政权移交后,1999年《法律适应化修改条例》(Adaption of Laws Ordinance)具追溯力(至1997年7月1日)的适应化修订将检察官(Crown Counsel)更名为“政府律师”(Government Counsel)。[3]2007年,为彰显司法独立,刑事检控科属下的政府律师改称“检控官”(Public Prosecutor),其余的(即负责民事事务的)律政人员则维持“政府律师”头衔不变。[4]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 第87章 《律政人員條例》 ── 附表1 律政署 [過去版本]. www.elegislation.gov.hk. 香港法例电子版. [2022-02-14]. 
  2. ^ Duties and responsibilities (PDF). www.justice.gov.nl.ca. [2020-06-05]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-06-15). 
  3. ^ 1999年第11號條例《法律適應化修改條例》. www.elegislation.gov.hk. 电子版香港法例. [2022-02-17]. 
  4. ^ Organisation chart of the Prosecutions Division. [2022-02-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-22). 
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官方律师
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