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拉曼效应

光散射的不同可能性:瑞利散射(不交换能量:入射和散射光子具有相同的能量)、斯托克斯拉曼散射(原子或分子吸收能量:散射光子比入射光子能量少)和反斯托克斯拉曼散射散射(原子或分子失去能量:散射光子比入射光子具有更多能量)

拉曼散射(Raman scattering),也称拉曼效应(英语:Raman effect),为一种光子非弹性散射现象,1928年由印度物理学家钱德拉塞卡拉·拉曼发现,指光波在被散射频率发生变化的现象。

当光子打到直径大于自己波长的粒子时,会与其碰撞,导致行径方向偏折。其中多数的光子,都是发生弹性碰撞,故散射出来的光子,跟射入前的光子,波长、频率与能量相同,称为瑞利散射。然而,有一小部分散射的光子(约千万分之一)和介质分子之间发生非弹性碰撞,出现能量交换,故散射后的波长、频率与能量会产生变化,称为拉曼散射。

拉曼散射可依光子在碰撞过程中的能量变化分为两类:

1. 斯托克斯散射:材料吸收能量,导致散射光子能量低于入射光子,为多数情况。

2. 反斯托克斯散射:材料失去能量,导致散射光子能量高于入射光子,为少数情况。

应用

利用拉曼效应产生的镭射,称为拉曼镭射

参见

外部链接

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拉曼效应
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