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非弹性散射

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非弹性散射是指一种粒子动能不守恒的散射,出现在化学核物理粒子物理中,与其相对的是弹性散射英语elastic scattering,散射前后粒子动能守恒。

在非弹性散射中,部分粒子的能量增加或是减少了。非弹性散射以往会视为和动力学非弹性碰撞有关,但二者的概念有很大的差异:非弹性碰撞是指碰撞前后的总动能不守恒。一般而言,由非弹性碰撞产生的散射会是非弹性散射,不过因为弹性碰撞会使二个粒子交换能量,由弹性碰撞产生的散射也可能是非弹性散射,例如康普顿散射

若粒子能量的变化远小于粒子本身的能量,一般会称为准弹性散射英语quasielastic scattering

非弹性散射常出现在电子光子的交互作用中。当高能的光子碰撞到自由电子,因此转移能量,称为康普顿散射,若是一个具有相对论能量的电子碰撞到可见光或红外线的光子,电子会将能量转换给光子,称为逆康普顿散射

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非弹性散射
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