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思想实验

在著名的例子薛定谔猫(1935)中,猫的生死取决于之前的随机事件。这个假想实验用常见物品通俗地描述了哥本哈根诠释中的问题。

假想实验是指用想像力的实验,所做的都是在现实中无法做到(或现实未做到)的实验,例如爱因斯坦有关相对运动的著名思想实验,又例如他和英费尔德合著的科普读物《物理学的进化》中要求读者想像一个用平滑,无摩擦力的地面及球体的实验,但在现实(或暂时)做不到。假想实验要的是想像力而非感官。

著名假想实验

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物理学

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物理学里,假想实验是有用的理论工具:

亚里士多德称物体越重下落越快,我们可以思考一下:一重一轻两个球,用绳连著一起下落。一方面,轻球下落慢,重球下落快,在绳子牵引下整体速度将会介于两者分别下落的速度之间;另一方面,将两个球作为整体考虑,整体质量比单球重,因此应比单球下落快,于是结果矛盾。

有传说称伽利略在比萨斜塔上亲自做过这个实验,但这仅是思想实验,并没有付诸行动。[1]

哲学

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关于哲学的假想实验包括伦理学和认知论的辩驳。

数学

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生物

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计算机科学

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经济

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心理学

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其它

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相关

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参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ Groleau, Rick. Galileo's Battle for the Heavens. July 2002. [2011-09-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-08).  Ball, Phil. Science history: setting the record straight. 30 June 2005. The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2005-06-30 [2011-09-29]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-20).  An exception is Drake (1978, pp. 19–21, 414–416), who argues that the experiment did take place, more or less as Viviani described it.

来源

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思想实验
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