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微囊化

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微囊化(英语:Micro-encapsulation)是指利用天然的或合成的高分子材料(统称为“囊材”)作为囊膜壁壳,将固态或液态物质包裹成为的直径在一到一微米胶囊。其内容物称之为芯材。由于芯材被囊材包裹 ,所以其化学性质几乎不受影响。并且,由于囊材几乎都有半透膜的特性,故芯材可借压力pH值、酶解、温度或提取等方法完全释放出来。[1]

应用

医药学

微囊可以掩盖药物的不良气味及口味;还能够提高药物的稳定性;并会减少药物对的刺激;固化液态药物,以方便其使用;减少复方药物的配伍变化;应用最多的是通过微囊化方法形成缓控释制剂和靶向制剂;一些微囊还可以将活细胞或者生物活性物质包裹在内。

电子墨水

电子墨水广泛用于电子书阅读器,亦为微胶囊的应用。

囊材

微囊的囊材要有无毒无刺激、化学性质稳定、具有适宜的释药性、有一定的强度、有合格的粘度等特性,常用的囊材主要有天然高分子囊材,如明胶阿拉伯胶琼脂海藻酸及其盐、壳聚糖等;半合成高分子囊材,如羧甲基纤维素钠、醋酸纤维素碳酸酯、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素;合成高分子囊材包括生物降解的聚碳酯、聚氨基酸、聚乳糖、丙交酯乙交酯共聚物、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物,非生物降解的聚酰胺硅橡胶等。

制备微囊的过程称为微囊化,常用的微囊化方法有物理化学方法、物理机械方法、化学法。

参考文献

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微囊化
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