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张琚.
张琚(?—352年),五胡十六国时期冯翊人,352年在汉中自立为秦王。
后赵崩溃后,350年八月,后赵车骑司马杜洪占据了长安,自称为晋朝的征北将军、雍州刺史,任命张琚为司马,关西的夷人、汉人全都响应。氐酋苻健想要夺取长安,派遣弟弟辅国将军苻雄率领五千兵众从潼关攻击,派遣哥哥的儿子杨武将军苻菁率领七千兵众从轵关攻击。杜洪任命张琚的弟弟张先为征虏将军,率领兵众一万三千人在潼关以北迎战苻健。结果张先的兵众大败,逃回到长安。苻健派苻雄带兵在渭水以北巡行,渭水以北的氐人首领、羌人首领全都向苻健投降。杜洪十分害怕,固守长安。苻菁在渭水以北擒获了张先,十月,苻健长驱直入到达长安,杜洪、张琚逃奔到司竹。[1]
351年四月,杜洪、张琚派遣使者征召梁州刺史司马勋,司马勋率步、骑兵三万人前往,在五丈原被前秦王苻健击败,退回南郑。352年司马勋已经回到汉中,杜洪、张琚驻扎在宜秋。杜洪自以为出身名门望族而轻视张琚,张琚于是就杀掉了杜洪,自立为秦王,改年号为建昌。五月,前秦皇帝苻健在宜秋攻打张琚,将其斩杀。[2]
- ^ 司马光. 資治通鑑晉紀二十. 维基文库. “〔永和六年八月〕王朗之去长安也,朗司马京兆杜洪据长安,自称晋征北将军、雍州刺史,以冯翊张琚为司马;关西夷、夏皆应之。苻健欲取之,恐洪知之,乃受赵官爵。以赵俱为河内太守,戍温;牛夷为安集将军,戍怀;治宫室于枋头,课民种麦,示无西意,有知而不种者,健杀之以徇。既而自称晋征西大将军、都督关中诸军事、雍州刺史;以武威贾玄硕为左长史,略阳梁安为右长史,段纯为左司马,辛牢为右司马,京兆王鱼、安定程肱、胡文等为军咨祭酒,悉众而西。以鱼遵为前锋,行至盟津,为浮梁以济。遣弟辅国将军雄帅众五千自潼关入,兄子扬武将军菁帅众七千自轵关入。临别,执菁手曰:“若事不捷,汝死河北,我死河南,不复相见。”既济,焚桥,自帅大众随雄而进。杜洪闻之,与健书,侮嫚之。以张琚弟先为征虏将军,帅众万三千逆战于潼关之北。先兵大败,走还长安。洪悉召关中之众以拒健。洪弟郁劝洪迎健,洪不从;郁帅所部降于健。…………苻菁与张先战于渭北,擒之,三辅郡县堡壁皆降。冬,十月,苻健长驱至长安,杜洪、张琚奔司竹。”
- ^ 司马光. 資治通鑑晉紀二十一. 维基文库. “〔永和七年〕杜洪、张琚遣使召梁州刺史司马勋;夏,四月,勋帅步骑三万赴之,秦王健御之于五丈原。勋屡战皆败,退归南郑。健以中书令贾玄硕始者不上尊号,衔之,使人告玄硕与司马勋通,并其诸子皆杀之。……〔永和八年正月〕司马勋既还汉中,杜洪、张琚屯宜秋。洪自以右族轻琚,琚遂杀洪,自立为秦王,改元建昌。……五月,秦主健攻张琚于宜秋,斩之。”
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