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康托尔分布

康托尔
累积分布函数
Cumulative distribution function for the Cantor distribution
参数
值域 康托尔集
概率质量函数
累积分布函数 康托尔函数
期望值 1/2
中位数 在 [1/3, 2/3] 间的任何数
众数 n/a
方差 1/8
偏度 0
峰度 −8/5
矩生成函数
特征函数

康托尔分布是一种累积分布函数康托尔函数概率分布

该分布即没有概率密度函数,也没有概率质量函数,因为虽然其累积分布函数是一个连续函数,但其分布在勒贝格测度意义下既不是绝对连续的,也没有任何点质量。 因此它既不离散的概率分布,也不是一个绝对连续的概率分布,同时不是这两个混合的概率分布。相反,它是一个奇异分布的例子。

其累积分布函数是处处连续的,但也几乎处处水平,所以有时被称为魔鬼的楼梯,虽然这个用语有更广泛的意义。

特征

康托尔分布的基础是康托集,本身是多个可数无限集的交:

康托尔分布对任何 Ct (t ∈ { 0, 1, 2, 3, ... }) 中 2t 个包含康托尔分布随机变量的特定区间,都有独特的概率 2-t.

通过对称性很容易看出,具有这样分布的一个随机变量 X,其期望值 E(X) = 1/2,且所有 X 的奇数阶中心矩都是 0。

方差 var(X) 可由总方差定律英语Law of total variance求得。具体操作如下:对上述集合 C1,如果 X ∈ [0,1/3] 则令 Y = 0,如果 X ∈ [的2/3,1],令 Y = 1。然后有

从而我们得到:

任意偶数阶中心矩的封闭表达式可由:先获得偶数项累积量[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

其中 B2n 是 第2伯努利数,然后用该累积量的方程作为矩的表达。

参考文献

  • Falconer, K. J. Geometry of Fractal Sets. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge Univ Press. 1985. 
  • Hewitt, E.; Stromberg, K. Real and Abstract Analysis. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag. 1965. 
  • Hu, Tian-You; Lau, Ka Sing. Fourier Asymptotics of Cantor Type Measures at Infinity. Proc. A.M.S. 130 (9). 2002: 2711–2717. 
  • Knill, O. Probability Theory & Stochastic Processes. India: Overseas Press. 2006. 
  • Mandelbrot, B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature. San Francisco, CA: WH Freeman & Co. 1982. 
  • Mattilla, P. Geometry of Sets in Euclidean Spaces. San Francisco: Cambridge University Press. 1995. 
  • Saks, Stanislaw. Theory of the Integral. Warsaw: PAN. 1933.  (Reprinted by Dover Publications, Mineola, NY.

外部链接

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康托尔分布
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