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平衡点 (数学)

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数学中,平衡点(equilibrium point)是相对微分方程差分方程的概念,多指微分方程的常数解(constant solution)。

定义

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对于微分方程

对任意都成立,则称为此微分方程的平衡点

类似地,对于差分方程

都成立,则称为此差分方程的平衡点

分类

[编辑]

微分方程可以被线性化为以下形式

其中在平衡点处的雅可比矩阵。通过观察矩阵特征值的符号,可以判断平衡点的稳定性。

的所有的特征值的实部均不为0,则被称为双曲平衡点。若所有特征值的实部均为负值,则此平衡点是稳定点。若至少存在一个特征值的实部为正值,则此平衡点是不稳定点。若至少有一个特征值的实部为正,且至少有一个特征值的实部为负,则此平衡点是鞍点

关于差分方程的平衡点也可作相似的分类。设在平衡点处的雅可比矩阵

的所有的特征值的均不为1,则被称为双曲平衡点。若所有特征值的模均为小于1,则此平衡点是稳定点。若至少存在一个特征值的模大于1,则此平衡点是不稳定点。若至少有一个特征值的模大于1,且至少有一个特征值的模小于1,则此平衡点是鞍点

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平衡点 (数学)
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