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巨颏虎属

巨颏虎
化石时期:早上新世 - 中更新世5.332–0.126 Ma
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 食肉目 Carnivora
科: 猫科 Felidae
演化级 假猫级 Pseudaelurus
亚科: 剑齿虎亚科 Machairodontinae
族: 剑齿虎族 Smilodontini
属: 巨颏虎属 Megantereon
Croizet & Jobert, 1828
模式种
Megantereon cultridens
Cuvier, 1824
  • 见内文

巨颏虎属Megantereon),又名巨剑剑齿虎巨剑齿虎,是古代的剑齿虎斯剑虎的祖先。

化石分布

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巨颏虎的化石碎片是在非洲欧亚大陆北美洲发现。巨颏虎唯一完整的骨骼是在法国发现。估计巨颏虎是生存于300-90万年前。

生理学

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巨颏虎的体型像现今的美洲豹,大小如大型的。牠们的前肢粗壮,而下前肢有如的大小。牠们的颈部肌肉强壮,一咬可以致命。

掠食者

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巨颏虎并非以其剑齿来咬死猎物,因为其剑齿并不够坚硬。牠有可能会咬伤猎物,待猎物流致死。不过这样牠需要保护猎物,免受其他掠食者抢夺,但其保护策略就不得而知。现时一般认为巨颏虎会像其他剑齿虎般利用剑齿来割破猎物颈部大部分神经血管。但是当猎物挣扎时,巨颏虎的剑齿仍有破损的风险。[1]

系统分类

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巨颏虎的物种数量并不清楚,因为大部分的化石都只是碎片。一些学者指巨颏虎真正的物种数量是较以下为少:[2][3]

  • 阿氏巨颏虎 Megantereon adroveri Pons-Moyà, 1987
  • 刀齿巨颏虎 Megantereon cultridens Cuvier, 1824
  • 钩状巨颏虎 Megantereon ekidoit Werdelin & Lewis, 2000,存疑
  • Megantereon eurynodon
  • 法氏巨颏虎 Megantereon falconeri Pomel, 1853
  • Megantereon gracile :可能是Megantereon cultridens的异名
  • 黄昏巨颏虎 Megantereon hesperus Gazin, 1933,存疑
  • 意外巨颏虎 Megantereon inexpectatus de Chardin, 1939
  • 蓝田巨颏虎 Megantereon lantianensis 可能是Megantereon inexpectatus的异名
  • 巨颏巨颏虎 Megantereon megantereon Bravard, 1828:曾被认为是Megantereon cultridens的异名
  • 小巨颏虎 Megantereon microta :暂时被认为是Megantereon megantereon的异名
  • 泥河湾巨颏虎 Megantereon nihowanensis de Chardin and Piveteau J, 1930:可能是Megantereon cultridens的异名
  • Megantereon vakhshensis
  • 怀氏巨颏虎 Megantereon whitei Broom, 1937:可能是Megantereon cultridens异名

参考

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  1. ^ Turner, Alan. The Big Cats and their fossil relatives. New York: Columbia University Press. 1997: 55. ISBN 0-231-10228-3. 
  2. ^ Turner, A. Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier) (Mammalia, Felidae, Machairodontinae) from Plio-Pleistocene Deposits in Africa and Eurasia, with Comments on Dispersal and the Possibility of a New World Origin. Journal of Paleontology. 1987, 61 (6): 1256–1268. 
  3. ^ Li, Yu; Liu, Wenhui; Wang, Lihua. Chinese Machairodontinae (Carnivora, Felidae) and their ecological significance. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2021-04-01, 66 (12): 1441–1455. doi:10.1360/TB-2020-1164. 
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巨颏虎属
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