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岩磐

美国优胜美地国家公园内的一块岩石,它属于内华达山脉岩磐的一部分。
火成侵入的基本型态:
1. 岩盖
2. 小岩脉
3. 岩磐
4. 岩脉
5. 岩床
6. 火山栓火山管 7. 岩盆

岩磐[1](英语:batholith),也称岩基[2]岩盘[3]。是大块火成侵入体。岩磐的面积通常大于100平方公里,并由深部冷却的岩浆形成在地壳中。 岩磐几乎总是由长英质中性岩石如花岗岩石英蒙脱石闪长岩组成。[4][5]

尽管岩磐看起来很均匀,但实际上它们是具有复杂地质历史和成分结构。它们由不同种类、不规则尺寸(厚度推估在10到15公里[5]火成岩体组成。各个岩体都是从岩浆凝固的,该岩浆从地壳底部附近的部分熔融区向地表移动时冷却、凝固,并形成了岩磐。

参考资料

  1. ^ 岩磐. 乐词网. 国家教育研究院. [2023-12-21].  (繁体中文)
  2. ^ 岩基. 乐词网. 国家教育研究院. [2023-12-21].  (繁体中文)
  3. ^ 岩盤. 乐词网. 国家教育研究院. [2023-12-21].  (繁体中文)
  4. ^ Petersen, James F.; Sack, Dorothy; Gabler, Robert E. Physical Geography (11th edition). Boston: Cengage Learning Inc. 2017: 614. ISBN 978-1-305-65264-4. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 大英百科全书》中的条目:batholith(作者:John P. Rafferty)(英文)
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岩磐
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