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蒙脱石

蒙脱石
蒙脱石样品
基本资料
类别页矽酸盐矿物
粘土矿物
化学式(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O
IMA记号Mnt[1]
晶体分类棱柱体 (2/m)
(H-M记号相同)
晶体空间群C2/m
晶胞a = 5.19 Å, b = 9.02 Å,
c = 12.4 Å; β = 94°; Z = 2
性质
颜色白色,或浅粉色,蓝,黄,红,绿色
晶体惯态层状或球状微晶紧密聚集体
晶系单斜晶系
解理{001}完全
断口不均匀
莫氏硬度1–2
光泽暗淡光泽/土状光泽
透明性半透明
比重1.7-2
光学性质双轴(-)
折射率nα = 1.485–1.535 nβ = 1.504–1.550 nγ = 1.505–1.550
双折射δ = 0.020
2V夹角测量值: 5° to 30°
参考文献[2][3][4][5]

蒙脱石(英语:Montmorillonite)是一种很软的页矽酸盐矿物,属于蒙皂石族的粘土矿物,形成于水中沉降的微晶聚集体。命名取自法国城市蒙莫里永。蒙脱石是一种2:1的黏土,即微观结构上为两层矽氧四面体夹一层铝氧八面体,铝的位置部分被镁同晶取代。蒙脱石片状颗粒平均直径为1微米,厚度0.96纳米。在25,000倍放大的电子显微镜下可见单个黏土颗粒。蒙皂石族的矿物还有皂石

蒙脱石的化学组成为水合钠钙铝镁矽酸盐氢氧化物,即(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O。含水量不一定是固定数值,因为蒙脱石单晶间结合并不紧密,水容易渗入,导致黏土显著膨胀。阳离子可被钾,铁等其他离子取代,有色离子的取代则使矿物呈现不同颜色,各地出产的蒙脱石,各种离子的比例不尽相同。它常与绿泥石白云母伊利石焦炭石高岭石等矿物共存。

蒙脱石的结构

发现

蒙脱石于1847年首次发现于法国维埃纳省蒙莫里永[4]在世界各地都有发现,并且曾被赋予不同的命名。

形成

蒙脱石可以在洞穴环境中形成和转化。洞穴的自然侵蚀过程中,铝矽酸盐溶解在水中,蒙脱石微晶在漫长的自然作用下形成。高浓度的HCO3-有利于此过程。蒙脱石在干燥环境可转化为坡缕石,或者在pH值小于5的环境下转化为禾乐石英语halloysite-10Å(多水高岭土),再于干燥环境下继续转化为禾乐石-7Å。[6]

应用

石油钻探工业中,蒙脱石用作钻井泥浆的组分,其目的是保持钻头冷却并除去钻出的固体。数十年来,蒙脱石等黏土广泛用于使用工业的裂化催化剂基底,而一些酸基催化剂则使用酸处理的蒙脱石等粘土。 [7]用于改良土壤,在易受干旱影响的地区改善土壤的保水能力。用于土质堤坝的建造,防止水的渗漏。在砂铸件中用作干燥剂,除去空气和其他气体中的水分。

药用

蒙脱石具有很强的吸附性,包括吸附重金属的能力。[8]口服用药称蒙脱石散,是一种常见的治疗急慢性腹泻的药物。或者外用用于预防和治疗接触性皮炎。[9]

参考资料

  1. ^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ Mineralienatlas. [2017-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-25). 
  3. ^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (编). Montmorillonite. Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). II (Silica, Silicates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. [December 5, 2011]. ISBN 0962209716. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-05). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Montmorillonite页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Mindat.org
  5. ^ Montmorillonite页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Webmineral
  6. ^ Hill, Carol; Paolo Forti. Deposition and Stability of asdSilicate Minerals. Cave Minerals of the World Second. National Speleological Society. 1997: 177. ISBN 1-879961-07-5. 
  7. ^ Lloyd, Lawrie. Handbook of Industrial Catalysts. New York: Springer. 2011: 181–182. ISBN 978-0387246826. 
  8. ^ Bhattacharyya, KG; Gupta, SS. Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2008, 140 (2): 114–31. PMID 18319190. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2007.12.008. 
  9. ^ Saary, J; Qureshi, R; Palda, V; Dekoven, J; Pratt, M; Skotnicki-Grant, S; Holness, L. A systematic review of contact dermatitis treatment and prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2005, 53 (5): 845. PMID 16243136. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.04.075. 

参考文献

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蒙脱石
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