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尼斯塔德和约

和约影响: 战前瑞典(黄),俄罗斯(绿),斜线部分为俄国获得领土

尼斯塔德和约》(俄语:Ништадтский мир瑞典语Freden i Nystad)是俄国瑞典于1721年9月10日在小镇尼斯塔德/新考蓬基瑞典语Nystad芬兰语Uusikaupunki)签订的和平条约

俄国为了夺取波罗的海的出海口及与瑞典争雄,于1700年8月正式向瑞典宣战,展开了为时二十年的大北方战争。战事初期,当时的瑞典国王卡尔十二世带领瑞典军队成功阻截侵略军,并四处获胜,但不久后便因胜利而冲昏了头脑,亲率大军进攻俄国,深入俄国境内,1709年瑞军因遭遇极寒天气大败而归,只得与俄国求和,但在议和期间,瑞典为弥补战争损失,1716年,卡尔十二世亲自率军入侵挪威并战死沙场,得年36岁,使得瑞军阵脚大乱,引来俄军再启战端。1720年俄军攻进瑞典,瑞典兵败如山倒,只得与俄国进行不平等的和谈。1721年,两国签订尼斯塔德和约,瑞典丧失大片土地,在三十年战争后所得的优势尽失,而俄国则取得了波罗的海的出海口,并从此称霸波罗的海,成为欧洲列强之一。

尼斯塔德和约有24项条款及一项单独附约。根据和约,瑞典须将俄国于大北方战争中除芬兰外在波罗的海所占领的土地全部割让给俄国,包括英格里亚爱沙尼亚利沃尼亚卡累利阿等地;俄国则从芬兰撒军,将芬兰归还瑞典,永不侵占。但俄国在1809年毁约,占领了芬兰。

莫斯科庆祝签订尼斯塔德和约(1833年)

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尼斯塔德和约
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