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宿务语

宿务语
Sinugboanon
母语国家和地区 菲律宾
区域米沙鄢群岛中部和棉兰老岛的北部
族群宿务人
母语使用人数
母语:2千万
第二语言:1.1千万(估算) (2007)[1]
菲律宾使用人数第二多的语言(继他加禄语之后)[2]
语系
南岛语系
方言
  • 标准宿务语(宿务省方言)
  • 城市宿务语(宿务都市方言)
  • Negrense Cebuano (Negros Oriental dialect)
  • Boholano Cebuano
  • Leyteño Cebuano (Kana)
  • Mindanao Cebuano
  • Davaoeño Cebuano
文字拉丁字母 (菲律宾正写);
Historically written in Baybayin
官方地位
管理机构Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
(Commission on the Filipino Language)
语言代码
ISO 639-2ceb
ISO 639-3ceb
Glottologcebu1242[3]
菲律宾说宿务语的区域
本条目包含国际音标符号。部分操作系统浏览器需要特殊字母与符号支持才能正确显示,否则可能显示为乱码、问号、空格等其它符号。

宿务语Sinugboanon,或Sebwano、Cebuano),又名米沙鄢语Bisaya,或Binisaya),是一种在菲律宾中部的米沙鄢群岛和南部棉兰老岛北部流行的语言,属于南岛语系马来-波利尼西亚语族。根据《民族语》取得的1995年统计数字,宿务语有语言人口超过2千万人[4]

音系

元音

以下是宿务语的音系。左侧的字母是国际音标,右侧以括号标注的是宿务语字母 (阿巴卡达字母)英语Abakada alphabet[5][6][7]

标准宿务语元音表
i i u u
ɛ e o o
a a

有时候,也可以将a发成/ʌ/ei发成/ɪ/ou发成/ɔ//ʊ/[5]

辅音

双唇音 齿音 硬颚音 软颚音 声门音
鼻音 m m  n ŋ ng
塞音 p p b b  t  d k k g g ʔ (see text)
擦音  s h h
塞擦音 t͡ʃ ch/ty/ts d͡ʒ j/dy
近音
(边音)
j y w w
 l
闪音 ɾ̪ r

在特定方言中,/l/ l 在元音之间可以和/w/ w互换。详见下列情况:[5]

  • 如果lau/o之间,l通常(但不一定)会丢失。例如lalum(深的)→ lawumlawm
  • 如果lu/oa之间 ,l丢失。例如bulan(月亮)→ buwan or bwan
  • 如果l在两个相似的元音间,l会完全消失,而使元音长度加长。例如dala(带来)→ da (/d̪aː/);而tulod(推)→tud (/t̪uːd̪/).[5]。除非l闭元音之间或在倒数第二音节的音节首,否则l会和一个元音一同丢失,而不会造成元音延长。例如:kalatkat(爬)→katkat,且应当发音成/ˈkatkat/,而非/ˈkaːtkat/

保和省的部分区域,字尾的l也可以被替换为w(例如:tambal,"药品",变成tambaw)。在宿务省某些罕见的案例中,在ae/i之间的l还可以用y替换(例如tingali, "也许", 变成tingayi)。

它经常被认为是菲利宾虽说的语言的五个语根之一。

短语

宿务语的部分短语列出如下:

  • 他们是谁? - Kinsa sila?
  • 你好? - Kumusta ka(sing.)?, Kumusta kamo(pl.)?, Unsa may imong(sing.) kahimtang?, Unsa may inyong(pl.) kahimtang?
  • 早安 - Maayong buntag
  • 午安 - Maayong hapon
  • 晚安 - Maayong gabii
  • 再见 - Ayoayo ("Farewell", formal), Adios (rare), Babay (informal, corruption of "Goodbye"), Amping ("Take care"), Hangtud sa sunod ("Until next time")
  • 谢谢 - Salamat nimo(sing.), salamat ninyo(pl.)
  • 你来自哪里啊? - Taga diin ka(sing.)?, taga diin mo(pl.)?
  • ...用宿务语怎么说呢? - Unsaun pagsulti sa ... sa Sinugbuanon/Binisaya?
  • 我怎么去 ...? - Unsaon naku pag-adto sa...?
  • 你了解吗? - Nakasabut ka(sing.)?, Nakasabut mo(pl.)?
  • 天气怎样? - Kumusta ang panahon?
  • 这是什么? - Unsa na?
  • 几点了? - Unsa nang orasa?/Unsang orasa na?
  • 慢著/停下来 - Hunonga na
  • 不要 - Ayaw
  • 是的 - Oo
  • 不是 - Dili ("no", used for future tense), Wala ("nothing, the absence of", used for past and progressive tenses)[8]
  • 好的/OK - Sige, Patek
  • 很好 - Ngilngig, Kuyaw
  • 老天! (Interjection) - "Oy!", Hala!, Sus! (shortened form of Hesus!, roughly equivalent to English interjections "Sheesh", "Christ!", and "Jesus!"),[9][10]

参考资料

  1. ^ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
  2. ^ Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Cebuano. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  4. ^ Ethnologue: Cebuano: A language of Philippines. [2008-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-04). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The Dialectology of Cebuano: Phonology. Binisaya.com. 10 February 2011 [16 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-15). 
  6. ^ Cebuano Phonetics and Orthography (PDF). Dila. [16 September 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-10-11). 
  7. ^ Irene Thompson. Cebuano. About World Languages. 11 July 2013 [16 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-23). 
  8. ^ Wala / Dili. Learn Cebuano: Cebuano-Visayan Language Lessons. [June 18, 2011]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-20). 
  9. ^ Sus. Tagalog Lang. [June 18, 2011]. 
  10. ^ sus. Tagalog Dictionary. [June 18, 2011]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-08). 

参见

外部链接

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宿务语
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